scholarly journals Theoretically Proposed Policy Instrument to Resolve the Negative Effect of Inflation Flow Into a Positive Macroeconomic Growth: The Case of Sierra Leone Economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Tweneboah Senzu
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Macroeconomic Growth

scholarly journals Barriers to E-Commerce Adoption among SMEs in Sierra Leone: The Moderating Role of Geographical Location

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abdulai S. Brima ◽  
Brima Sesay
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Negative Effect

E-commerce implementation by businesses in developing countries are faced with substantially greater challenges than businesses in developed countries due to the unreliability of the internet connection, the poor availability of accessing it due to the poor infrastructure, the high cost of doing so, and also the low level of ICT penetration. This study explored the barriers to e-commerce adoption among SMEs in Sierra Leone and came up with solid policy implications as to how to mitigate those challenges that need to be overcome for the success of e-commerce adoption. The main purpose of the research was to identify the most challenging barriers to e-commerce adoption and in the process investigate their moderating effect of geographical location for SMEs. A survey was done to collect 442 usable questionnaires from registered SMEs owners in the capital city and three major rural districts (Bo, Kenema and Makeni) of Sierra Leone. Persons’ correlation and multiple linear regression models were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The Results of correlation analysis showed that technological, organizational and environmental barriers are statistically significant and negatively correlated with e-commerce adoption. The results further showed that technological barrier is the most challenging barrier to e-commerce adoption. Similarly, the moderating effects of geographical locations were tested using regression analysis. The key finding is that, all the predictors have a more negative effect on e-commerce adoption for rural SMEs compared with urban SMEs. Based on the results, the study concluded with making a call for the Sierra Leone authorities, policy makers, entrepreneurs, and SMEs managers to offer conducive business environment, and focus more attention to rural SMEs for expanding their e-commerce adoption capacity.

scholarly journals Fuel exports, aid and terrorism

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice Asongu ◽  
Jacinta Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Transnational Terrorism ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multilateral Aid ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
External Flows

Purpose This study aims to use interactive quantile regressions to assess the conditional role of foreign aid in reducing the potentially negative effect of terrorism on fuel exports in 78 developing countries for the period of 1984-2008. Design/methodology/approach Bilateral and multilateral aid indicators have been used, whereas terrorism includes domestic, transnational, unclear and total terrorism dynamics. Interactive quantile regressions have been used. Findings First, with the exception of unclear terrorism, bilateral aid can be used to mitigate the potentially negative effects of terrorism on fuel exports in bottom quantiles of the fuel export distribution. Second, multilateral aid can be used to reduce the negative effect of transnational terrorism on fuel exports exclusively in the highest (90th) quantile of fuel exports. The corresponding modifying thresholds are within policy ranges disclosed in the summary statistics. Practical implications While the policy instrument of bilateral aid is most relevant in countries with below-median fuel exports, the policy instrument of multilateral aid is effective with respect to transnational terrorism in countries with the highest levels of fuel exports. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on the role of external flows in reducing the negative externalities of terrorism on development outcomes.

scholarly journals A Mixed Methods Exploration of Surf Therapy Piloted for Youth Well-Being in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6267
Author(s):  
Jamie Marshall ◽  
Sallu Kamuskay ◽  
Michaella Margaedah Samai ◽  
Isha Marah ◽  
Fanta Tonkara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sport For Development ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Negative Effect

Young people in post-conflict and post-epidemic contexts such as Sierra Leone face a range of mental health challenges as part of their daily life. An innovative approach to Sport for Development that could offer support to youth mental health is surf therapy. This research used an uncontrolled mixed methods approach to explore surf therapy pilots run by five youth-focused and community development organizations around Freetown. Four sites provided useable pre/post data using the Stirling Children’s Well-Being Scale (n = 58, average age = 12.9). Three sites were associated with significant (p < 0.017) large effects (r = 0.65–0.84) on participant well-being. One site was associated with a non-significant (p < 0.380) small negative effect (r = −0.22). A synthesis of qualitative data within the five evaluations triangulated with quantitative findings and provided important context in terms of challenges to service delivery. This included low attendance as a plausible mediator for why one site saw very different results than other sites. Combined, these processes highlight the need for future research exploring possible dose-response relationships in surf therapy. This study also provides a foundation for more rigorous research in the future. These promising findings support continued and optimized delivery of surf therapy in Sierra Leone to support youth mental health.

scholarly journals Impact of real exchange rate fluctuations on aggregate cocoa and coffee exports in Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(J)) ◽  
pp. 34-56
Author(s):  
Pabai Fofanah
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short Run

The regression and the vector autoregressive VAR models have been employed in this analysis. I use the autodistributed lag regression model to estimate both the short and the long-run impacts. In the VAR model, orthogonalized impulse response functions are employed to estimate the short-run. The regression result shows that while depreciation of the RER increases aggregate cocoa and coffee exports AGX in the current year, this variable is not significant in determining AGX in Sierra Leone. This is due to the fact that AGX have long gestation periods and until this period is over, suppliers cannot actually raise their output and hence exports. The negative effect of the one period lag of RER variable on AGX can be attributed to the fact that in the long run, depreciation in the nominal exchange rate leads to real exchange rate depreciation. This will lead to increase in cost of imported farming inputs in domestic currency terms. The reduction in imports that follows decreases the output and hence cocoa and coffee exports. However, this variable is not significant in determining AGX in Sierra Leone. An increase in the orthogonalized shock to the first difference of log RER causes a short series of increases in first difference of log AGX followed by a decrease, followed by an increase that dies out after four periods. The null hypothesis that the lag of first difference of log RER does not Granger-cause the lag of first difference of AGX cannot be rejected. The paper concluded that in the short and long-run, the RER should not be taken as policy variable to influence AGX in Sierra Leone.

Measuring Liveability by Exploring Urban Qualities of Kissy Street, Freetown, Sierra Leone

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fodei M. Conteh ◽  
Derya Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Street Space ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Quality Of Living

With increasing urbanisation in developing countries and the concomitant overcrowding on streets, serious questions remain about the liveability of inner-city residential-commercial streets. This paper contends that lively streets are not necessarily liveable streets. Liveability is defined by other criteria that take cognizance of human comfort and capabilities within living environments. Observations suggest an uneasy relationship between a crowded public space and the private residential spaces that sit next to them. The paper’s focus is to measure the liveability of a lively but overcrowded street and how its everyday use affects the physical characteristics of buildings, the activities, and the wellbeing of residents. Employing a mixed-method strategy, the study draws on observations, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaire survey of residents, shopkeepers, and street traders. The findings suggest that an overcrowded street space has a negative effect on the liveability and quality of living of residents and other users but that this is tempered by intra-dependency amongst the users and the negotiation of the rights accruing to all as individuals and as groups.

Abolition in Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Peter Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

A Longitudinal Study of Mental Health in Emerging Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica S. Bachmann ◽  
Hansjörg Znoj ◽  
Katja Haemmerli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Consistency Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Health Model

Emerging adulthood is a time of instability. This longitudinal study investigated the relationship between mental health and need satisfaction among emerging adults over a period of five years and focused on gender-specific differences. Two possible causal models were examined: (1) the mental health model, which predicts that incongruence is due to the presence of impaired mental health at an earlier point in time; (2) the consistency model, which predicts that impaired mental health is due to a higher level of incongruence reported at an earlier point in time. Emerging adults (N = 1,017) aged 18–24 completed computer-assisted telephone interviews in 2003 (T1), 2005 (T2), and 2008 (T3). The results indicate that better mental health at T1 predicts a lower level of incongruence two years later (T2), when prior level of incongruence is controlled for. The same cross-lagged effect is shown for T3. However, the cross-lagged paths from incongruence to mental health are marginally associated when prior mental health is controlled for. No gender differences were found in the cross-lagged model. The results support the mental health model and show that incongruence does not have a long-lasting negative effect on mental health. The results highlight the importance of identifying emerging adults with poor mental health early to provide support regarding need satisfaction.

Working Memory, Mental Prospection, Time Orientation, and Cognitive Insight

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Cinan ◽  
Aslı Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Insight ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Three Factor

This research is new in its attempt to take future time orientation, morningness orientation, and prospective memory as measures of mental prospection, and to examine a three-factor model that assumes working memory, mental prospection, and cognitive insight are independent but related higher-order cognitive constructs by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The three-factor model produced a good fit to the data. An alternative one-factor model was tested and rejected. The results suggest that working memory and cognitive insight are distinguishable, related constructs, and that both are distinct from, but negatively associated with, mental prospection. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that working memory had a strong positive effect on cognitive insight and a moderate negative effect on mental prospection.

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