Analysis of Firms’ Incentives to Control the Standard Development Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivaram Devarakonda
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Standard Development

Responsible Innovation and Standard Selection

2015 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Geerten van de Kaa
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Value Sensitive Design ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Acceptable Standard ◽  
Market Dominance ◽  
De Vries ◽  
Standard Development

This chapter discusses the notion of “responsible innovation” and “value sensitive design”. It applies these notions to standardization and more specifically to standard selection. Based on earlier research (Van de Kaa, 2013; Van den Ende, Van de Kaa, Den Uyl, & De Vries, 2012), it is proposed that standards should be flexible to facilitate changes related to ethical and societal values. An acceptable standard can be achieved by involving users in the standard development process. The understanding of standardization and standard selection in particular can be improved by incorporating concepts and theories from the discipline of philosophy. This chapter discusses three conceptualizations of standard selection: market dominance, socio-political acceptance, and acceptability.

scholarly journals Organizational Structure And Standard Development Procedures Of standard Development Organizations——Comparative Research Based On Domestic And Foreign Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 02043
Author(s):  
Zhu Xianghua
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Social Organizations ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Foreign Standard ◽  
National Information ◽  
Standardization Organization ◽  
Standard Development

This paper takes the typical foreign standard development organizations IEEE, ASTM, W3C, and IETF as examples to analyze the characteristics of organizational structure and standard developing procedures. These four organizations are typical representative of foreign SDOs which can be divided into two categories, one is represented by IEEE and ASTM which are legal entities and their standardization organization structure and standard development procedures are relatively fixed. The other is represented by W3C and IETF, which are relatively loose and open and their standardization organizations and standard development process are more flexible. At the same time, this paper also selects the top ten social organizations that are active on the Chinese national information platform of social organization standard. Compared with foreign social organizations, it is found that their standardization organization structures are not transparent enough and too concentrated. It also found that the standard development process of Chinese social organization is relatively simple and lack of innovation.

FIRM PATENT STRATEGIES IN US TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 469-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS A. HEMPHILL
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Technology Standard ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Policy Solutions ◽  
Standard Development

The focus of this article is on exploring the business competitive consequences of firm patent strategies in the United States de jure technology standard development processes. An analytic framework ("Firm Patent Strategies Matrix") is created which formally identifies a set of firm patent strategies applicable in the de jure technology standard development process. This Firm Patent Strategies Matrix is predicated on two key variables relevant to the standard development process: first, firms are either active participants in standard-setting committees, or they are non-participants, and second, firms are either disclosing appropriate information on potentially relevant patented technology (or patent pending applications on such technology), or they are not disclosing such potentially relevant patented information on technology (or patent pending applications on such technology), in the standard development process. The Firm Patent Strategies Matrix identifies the following four generic strategic choices for a technology-driven firm to choose among concerning the disposition of its patents: (1) Disclosure/Participation, (2) Disclosure/Non-Participation, (3) Non-Disclosure/Participation, and (4) Non-Disclosure/Non-Participation. Public policy issues, relevant to these Firm Patent Strategies, are identified (e.g., RAND licencing terms, patent ambush and submarine patents) and recommended policy solutions are offered (e.g., instituting Ex Ante royalty discussions, vigorous federal antitrust enforcement against patent ambush and the wider use of firm patent liability insurance, respectively).

scholarly journals REPRESENTATION AND APPLICATION OF DIGITAL STANDARDS USING KNOWLEDGE GRAPHS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2551-2560
Author(s):  
Janosch Luttmer ◽  
Dominik Ehring ◽  
Robin Pluhnau ◽  
Arun Nagarajah
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Knowledge Graphs ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Current Representation ◽  
Information Objects ◽  
Standard Development

AbstractStandards are an important source of knowledge in product development. Due to the increasing digitization of the product development process, standard development organizations aim to develop machine-actionable standards that automatically enforce operations in output devices. However, the current representation format in PDF or XML does not meet the requirements of machine-actionable standards. This paper examines existing approaches towards the representation of XML data in knowledge graphs and their transferability towards the domain of digital standards. Based on these approaches, the paper aims to develop and validate a concept for transferring standard content from XML format to a graph-based representation, using the example of formulas. For this purpose, a concept for the automatic identification, extraction and modeling of formulas will be presented. Afterwards, the concept is validated using the example of DIN ISO 281 whereas a chatbot application serves as conversational user interface. It is proven, that knowledge graphs are suitable for the representation of machine-actionable standard content. Future work will investigate the abstraction towards a general approach as well as further information objects of standards.

scholarly journals Systems Engineering in SMEs – A Case of RFID Solutions Provider

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
Aleksander Buczacki ◽  
Bartlomiej Gladysz
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Complex Technical Systems ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Standard Development

Abstract Systems engineering (SE) is a well-known approach used for management of the development process of big and complex technical systems / products (usually) by large companies. There are a few initiatives of SE application for different industries as well as new SE standard development for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems are a good example of systems development of which could be approached using systems engineering. In this paper, a case of an SME - a solution provider and system integrator of RFID systems is discussed, to discover how it is dealing with SE problems and issues. The paper also presents potential benefits arising from the utilization of SE in this type of projects realized by the SME in question.

National Culture and the Implementation of High-Stretch Performance Standards: An Exploratory Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee W. Chow ◽  
Tim M. Lindquist ◽  
Anne Wu
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Culturally Based ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
National Response ◽  
Culture Effects ◽  
Standard Development ◽  
Cross National

This study explores how national culture affects employees' reaction to different modes of implementing high-stretch performance standards. An experiment was performed using Chinese and U.S. nationals to represent cultures that diverge on two relevant dimensions: power distance and individualism/collectivism. Consistent with culturally based expectations, Chinese nationals more readily accepted imposed high-stretch performance standards—relative to U.S. nationals—as manifested by the degree to which they performed up to those standards. Also, differences were found between Chinese and U.S. nationals' satisfaction with high-stretch performance standards under autocratic vs. consultative participation in the standard-development process. However, further analysis was unable to dismiss the possibility that this result, which was based on subjects' self-reports on Likert-scale questions, could have been an artifact of cross-national, response-set bias. Other findings indicated that national-culture effects arose in more complex ways than were originally conceived.

Developing Enculturated Agents

2011 ◽  
pp. 362-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Virtual Agents ◽  
Embodied Conversational Agents ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Communicative Behaviors ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Multimodal Systems ◽  
Standard Development

Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) are complex multimodal systems with rich verbal and nonverbal repertoires. There human-like appearance raises severe expectations regarding natural communicative behaviors on the side of the user. But what is regarded as “natural” is to a large degree dependent on our cultural profiles that provide us with heuristics of behavior and interpretation. Thus, integrating cultural aspects of communicative behaviors in virtual agents and thus enculturating such systems seems to be inevitable. But culture is a multi-defined domain and thus a number of pitfalls arise that have to be avoided in the endeavor. This chapter presents some of the pitfalls for enculturating interactive systems and presents strategies on how to avoid these pitfalls in relation to the standard development process of Embodied Conversational Agents.

Designing User Interfaces: A Classroom Experience in Iterative Software Design

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 1366-1370
Author(s):  
Susan C. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Technology Students ◽  
Lecture Material ◽  
Iterative Software ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
Formal Lecture ◽  
Standard Development

A program was developed to expose undergraduate Computer Technology students to methods for designing and evaluating user dialogue in interactive software. The class was given an assignment to develop an Interactive program for use by the general public. This was given prior to any experience using concepts in Human Factors, a Standard Development Process, or general guidelines for evaluating the user interface. Task analysis was performed extracting data from video tapes. Formal lecture material on designing user interfaces incorporating good Human Factors was then introduced. Students then were given the opportunity to modify their programs and assess the value of these changes through retesting. Substantial improvements in both transaction performance times and accuracy occurred during the evaluation of the revised applications. This program was an effective method for demonstrating the complexities involved in designing and implementing interactive software.

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