How do Pre-entrants to the Industry Incubation Stage Choose Between Alliances and Acquisitions for Technical Capabilities and Specialized Complementary Assets?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahka Moeen ◽  
Will Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Complementary Assets

scholarly journals Which access to which assets for an effective liberalization of the railway sector?

2021 ◽  
pp. 178359172110123
Author(s):  
Patrice Bougette ◽  
Axel Gautier ◽  
Frédéric Marty
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Rail Industry ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
New Entrants ◽  
Complementary Assets ◽  
Favorable Conditions

In the European rail industry, to enable competition in the market, entrants should be granted access to a large set of complementary services, beyond access to the tracks. For an efficient and effective entry, temporary access to quasi-essential complementary assets like rolling stock, mechanical maintenance workshops, data, schedules, etc. is required. In the liberalized rail sector, several observed anticompetitive practices involve distorted access to these quasiessential facilities. Therefore, competition agencies must deal with litigation between the incumbent and new entrants. Most cases have been settled, resulting in commitments from the incumbent. We argue that such transitory and case-by-case remedies fail to produce favorable conditions for a secure and efficient entry. Thus, we propose to systematize such remedies through asymmetric and enduring ex-ante regulation.

Effects of clutch sizes and incubation stage on nest desertion in the female Common Eider Somateria mollissima nesting in the high Arctic

Polar Biology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Bourgeon ◽  
François Criscuolo ◽  
Fabrice Bertile ◽  
Thierry Raclot ◽  
Geir Wing Gabrielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Common Eider ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Nest Desertion
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