scholarly journals Personal Belief Exemptions for School-Entry Vaccinations, Vaccination Rates, and Academic Achievement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Hair ◽  
Anja Gruber ◽  
Carly Urban
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Personal Belief

The Intersection of Problems, Policy, and Politics: The Adoption of an HPV Vaccine School-Entry Requirement in Puerto Rico

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-870
Author(s):  
Coralia Vázquez-Otero ◽  
Ellen M. Daley ◽  
Cheryl A. Vamos ◽  
Nancy Romero-Daza ◽  
Jason Beckstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Policy Window

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can cause cancer (e.g., cervical/vaginal/penile/anal/oropharyngeal). The HPV vaccine prevents cancer, yet U.S. vaccination rates remain low. We explored sociopolitical factors in the adoption of Puerto Rico’s HPV vaccine school-entry requirement. Multiple streams framework explains how the intersection of problems, policy, and politics streams influence policy adoption. Policy entrepreneurs work on joining these streams. Interviews ( n = 20) were conducted with stakeholders (e.g., physicians/researchers/nonprofit organizations’ leaders). Data were analyzed using applied thematic analysis. High incidence of HPV and HPV-related cancers in Puerto Rico were indicators of problems. Focusing events included Rhaiza’s case and the HPV-Advisory Panel Report. During summer 2017, a policy window opened; the Department of Health (DOH) adopted the requirement in summer 2018. Stakeholders discussed policy initiatives. Political turnover positively influenced the process. Policy entrepreneurs created an extended period of intersection resulting in the adoption of the requirement. Findings can inform policy initiatives to improve HPV vaccination rates and reduce HPV-related cancers.

Prospective relations between sleep in preschool years and academic achievement at school entry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Bernier ◽  
Catherine Cimon‐Paquet ◽  
Émilie Tétreault ◽  
Julie Carrier ◽  
Célia Matte‐Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
School Entry

Longitudinal Study of Effects on Academic Achievement for Early and Late Age of School Entry

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Wilgosh ◽  
Marliss Meyer ◽  
Horst H. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
School System ◽  
Academic Progress ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Kindergarten Entry ◽  
Kindergarten Entry Age

A large group of children was assessed at the end of kindergarten (1984) on a battery of achievement and ability assessment instruments. To examine the effects of age at kindergarten entry, the academic progress of those children continuing in the same school system was tracked at the end of grades 1 (1985), 3 (1987), 6 (1990), and 9 (1993). There was no evidence for gender or socioeconomic effects on IQ or kindergarten entry age. There was some suggestion that children young at kindergarten entry were more likely to repeat a year or require remedial assistance at some point in their school years. However, the younger children were also brighter on average. Tracking 23 children who required long-term remedial assistance found no indication of greater long-term remedial needs for young-at-entry children.

scholarly journals Math Counts Too! Promoting Family Engagement in Math Activities at Home

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Erica L. Zippert ◽  
Betsy Diamant-Cohen ◽  
Annette Y. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Family Engagement ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Professional Skill ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Household Finances

Although librarians typically focus on language and literacy when planning children’s programs, research suggests that math skills are valuable too. Today, proficiency in math is an essential professional skill. Many careers involve math, and math classes act as gateways to attaining degrees in STEM fields.1 In our personal lives, math is used daily to manage household finances and make informed decisions about our health.2 Finally, math skills at school entry are strong predictors of later academic achievement in both math and reading.3 Therefore, math development should be considered an important part of children’s school readiness skills.

scholarly journals Direct and Spillover Effects of Middle School Vaccination Requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Carpenter ◽  
Emily C. Lawler
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Cervical Cancers ◽  
Tdap Vaccine ◽  
Adolescent Vaccination

We study the direct and spillover effects of state requirements that middle school youths obtain a tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) booster prior to middle school entry. These mandates significantly increased Tdap vaccine take-up and reduced pertussis (whooping cough) incidence by about 32 percent. We also document cross-vaccine spillovers: the mandates significantly increased adolescent vaccination rates for meningococcal disease and human papillomavirus (HPV)—which is responsible for 98 percent of cervical cancers—by 8–34 percent, with particularly large effects for children from low SES households. We find important roles for both parents and providers in generating these spillovers. (JEL H75, I12, I18, I21, I28, J13)

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