scholarly journals Firm Diversification and Performance: An Empirical Examination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge H. F. Mota ◽  
Mário João Coutinho dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Firm Diversification ◽  
And Performance

Social Embeddedness, Overt and Covert Power, and Their Effects on CEO Pay: An Empirical Examination Among Family Businesses in India

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaram Veliyath ◽  
Kannan Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Ceo Compensation ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Firm Diversification ◽  
Ceo Pay ◽  
And Performance

The literature on CEO compensation reflects two common biases: (a) the dominant use of the agency theory perspective and (b) the almost exclusive use of U.S. and U.K samples. Agency theory views compensation as a consequence of the incentive contracts and the processes of corporate governance. However, little is known about the determinants of CEO compensation in developing countries. Considering that foreign direct investment of U.S. multinational enterprises increased 10-fold over the past decade, mostly in developing economies, there is a great need to understand the dynamics of pay setting in these foreign contexts. Overall, there is an imperative need to explore alternative theoretical perspectives as well as investigate nontraditional contexts to broaden existing theoretical premises. In an attempt to address this need, this study investigates the CEO's social embeddedness and overt and covert power as determinants of CEO pay in a sample of Indian family-controlled firms. Using a time-series, cross-sectional regression analysis, we find family shareholding and the percentage of inside directors on the board (identified as bases of overt power for the CEO) to be the predominant influences on CEO pay. By contrast, some of the identified bases of covert power, such as the CEO's tenure, age, education, and firm diversification, are not significant. Surprisingly, controls for firm size and performance also exhibit no influence on CEO pay. These findings offer a useful point of reference against which results from western studies can be compared to formulate more holistic theories of CEO pay.

Reimagining the colonial wilderness: ‘Africa’, imperialism and the geographical legerdemain of the Vorrh

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
Speculative Fiction ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
Dark Continent ◽  
Western Imagination ◽  
Popular Geopolitics ◽  
And Performance

Novelists and other cultural producers have long employed the African continent as a palimpsest to construct fantastical tales. From Sir John Mandeville to Joseph Conrad, Africa’s blank spaces on the map have been filled with monstrous creatures that fuel the western imagination. As a consequence, this constant othering of the so-called ‘Dark Continent’ has had a deleterious impact for African states and their citizenries, as spectacularly evidenced in U.S. President Donald Trump’s now-infamous labelling of the entire continent as a host of ‘shithole countries’. This article wrestles with the continuation of this trend in popular culture via an empirical examination of the speculative fiction of the British novelist and performance artist, B. Catling. Publishing in 2015, The Vorrh is the first of the three novels set in a parallel Africa, specifically a former German colony that is home to remnants of the Garden of Eden. Focusing on the enchanted forest known as the Vorrh and the colony’s (fictional) capital, Essenwald, this article employs methods drawn from geocriticism and popular geopolitics to interrogate Catling’s built-world. This is done with the aim of connecting structures of iteration in the representation of fictional ‘Africas’ to the West’s imperially inflected geopolitical codes towards the actual physical and human geographies that constitute the world’s second largest and most populous continent.

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