An Interrogation into the Regulatory Challenges of Virtual Currencies on the Zambian Economy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kombe Kaponda
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Challenges

Physician Reentry into Clinical Practice: Regulatory Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen P. Kenagy ◽  
Barbara S. Schneidman ◽  
Barbara Barzansky ◽  
Claudette E. Dalton ◽  
Carl A. Sirio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Physician Competence ◽  
Leave Of Absence ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
State Medical Boards ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

ABSTRACT Physician reentry to clinical practice is fast becoming recognized as an issue of central importance in discussions about the physician workforce. While there are few empirical studies, existing data show that increasing numbers of physicians take a leave of absence from practice at some point during their careers; this trend is expected to continue. The process of returning to clinical practice is coming under scrutiny due to the public's increasing demand for transparency regarding physician competence. Criteria for medical licensure often do not include an expectation of ongoing clinical activity. Physicians who maintain a license but do not practice for a period of time, therefore, may be reentering the workforce with unknown competency to practice. This paper: (1) presents survey data on current physician reentry policies of state medical boards; (2) discusses the findings from the survey within the context of regulatory challenges that impact physician-reentry; and (3) offers recommendations to facilitate the development of comprehensive, coordinated regulatory policies on physician reentry.

scholarly journals Group Agency and Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian List
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Group Agency ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Legal Personhood ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

AbstractThe aim of this exploratory paper is to review an under-appreciated parallel between group agency and artificial intelligence. As both phenomena involve non-human goal-directed agents that can make a difference to the social world, they raise some similar moral and regulatory challenges, which require us to rethink some of our anthropocentric moral assumptions. Are humans always responsible for those entities’ actions, or could the entities bear responsibility themselves? Could the entities engage in normative reasoning? Could they even have rights and a moral status? I will tentatively defend the (increasingly widely held) view that, under certain conditions, artificial intelligent systems, like corporate entities, might qualify as responsible moral agents and as holders of limited rights and legal personhood. I will further suggest that regulators should permit the use of autonomous artificial systems in high-stakes settings only if they are engineered to function as moral (not just intentional) agents and/or there is some liability-transfer arrangement in place. I will finally raise the possibility that if artificial systems ever became phenomenally conscious, there might be a case for extending a stronger moral status to them, but argue that, as of now, this remains very hypothetical.

scholarly journals Fate of β-Carotene within Loaded Delivery Systems in Food: State of Knowledge

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Kumar Maurya ◽  
Amita Shakya ◽  
Manjeet Aggarwal ◽  
Kodiveri Muthukaliannan Gothandam ◽  
Torsten Bohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Unique Composition ◽  
Targeted Release ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

Nanotechnology has opened new opportunities for delivering bioactive agents. Their physiochemical characteristics, i.e., small size, high surface area, unique composition, biocompatibility and biodegradability, make these nanomaterials an attractive tool for β-carotene delivery. Delivering β-carotene through nanoparticles does not only improve its bioavailability/bioaccumulation in target tissues, but also lessens its sensitivity against environmental factors during processing. Regardless of these benefits, nanocarriers have some limitations, such as variations in sensory quality, modification of the food matrix, increasing costs, as well as limited consumer acceptance and regulatory challenges. This research area has rapidly evolved, with a plethora of innovative nanoengineered materials now being in use, including micelles, nano/microemulsions, liposomes, niosomes, solidlipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipids and nanostructured carriers. These nanodelivery systems make conventional delivery systems appear archaic and promise better solubilization, protection during processing, improved shelf-life, higher bioavailability as well as controlled and targeted release. This review provides information on the state of knowledge on β-carotene nanodelivery systems adopted for developing functional foods, depicting their classifications, compositions, preparation methods, challenges, release and absorption of β-carotene in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and possible risks and future prospects.

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