J M Keynes’s Method in the A Treatise on Probability, Inexact Measurement and Approximation Using Non Additive Upper and Lower Probabilities, Is a Formal, Inductive Logic Built on G. Boole’s Original Boolean Algebra and Logic: It Has Nothing to Do With ‘…A Given List of Possible Behaviors.’

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Emmett Brady
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 699-712
Author(s):  
Victor Filippovich Kravchenko ◽  
Miklhail Alekseevich Basarab
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Andrew Bacon

This chapter presents a series questions in the philosophy of vagueness that will constitute the primary subjects of this book. The stance this book takes on these questions is outlined, and some preliminary ramifications are explored. These include the idea that (i) propositional vagueness is more fundamental than linguistic vagueness; (ii) propositions are not themselves sentence-like; they are coarse grained, and form a complete atomic Boolean algebra; (iii) vague propositions are, moreover, not simply linguistic constructions either such as sets of world-precisification pairs; and (iv) propositional vagueness is to be understood by its role in thought. Specific theses relating to the last idea include the thesis that one’s total evidence can be vague, and that there are vague propositions occupying every evidential role, that disagreements about the vague ultimately boil down to disagreements in the precise, and that one should not care intrinsically about vague matters.


1946 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. West Churchman
Keyword(s):  

1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex C. Michalos
Keyword(s):  

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Lavrač ◽  
Irene Weber ◽  
Darko Zupanič ◽  
Dimitar Kazakov ◽  
Olga Štěpánková ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matias López ◽  
Juan Pablo Luna

ABSTRACT By replying to Kurt Weyland’s (2020) comparative study of populism, we revisit optimistic perspectives on the health of American democracy in light of existing evidence. Relying on a set-theoretical approach, Weyland concludes that populists succeed in subverting democracy only when institutional weakness and conjunctural misfortune are observed jointly in a polity, thereby conferring on the United States immunity to democratic reversal. We challenge this conclusion on two grounds. First, we argue that the focus on institutional dynamics neglects the impact of the structural conditions in which institutions are embedded, such as inequality, racial cleavages, and changing political attitudes among the public. Second, we claim that endogeneity, coding errors, and the (mis)use of Boolean algebra raise questions about the accuracy of the analysis and its conclusions. Although we are skeptical of crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis as an adequate modeling choice, we replicate the original analysis and find that the paths toward democratic backsliding and continuity are both potentially compatible with the United States.


2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Christopher H. Bryant ◽  
Graham J.L. Kemp ◽  
Marija Cvijovic

Summary We have taken a first step towards learning which upstream Open Reading Frames (uORFs) regulate gene expression (i.e., which uORFs are functional) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We do this by integrating data from several resources and combining a bioinformatics tool, ORF Finder, with a machine learning technique, inductive logic programming (ILP). Here, we report the challenge of using ILP as part of this integrative system, in order to automatically generate a model that identifies functional uORFs. Our method makes searching for novel functional uORFs more efficient than random sampling. An attempt has been made to predict novel functional uORFs using our method. Some preliminary evidence that our model may be biologically meaningful is presented.


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