Services Contribution to Manufacturing Exports and Value-Added: Evidence from India and China

Chapter 4 provides a history and analysis of development trajectories in the global clothing industry. Trade liberalization (specifically the end of import quotas from January 2005) and the rise of global value chains have changed the nature of the global economy since Lewis’s time. We use UNIDO data on remuneration, output, and employment to identify post-2004 national development trajectories showing that upgrading trajectories can be pro-labour (a rising wage share of value-added) or pro-capital (a rising profit share). Pro-labour trajectories can deliver rising average wages and employment (e.g. India and China) or higher average wages for fewer workers (e.g. Sri Lanka). Pro-capital trajectories can also deliver higher average wages and employment growth (e.g. Vietnam) or rising wages for fewer workers (e.g. South Africa). Downgrading trajectories are typically associated with falling average wages but can be associated with rising average wages (as in Turkey). The desirability of a particular development trajectory depends on the economic context, especially labour market conditions.

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Germany’s Trade with Russia and other BRIC Countries: Comparative Analysis

World Economy and International Relations ◽

10.20542/0131-2227-2010-11-21-26 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

M. Gracheva

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Value Added ◽

German Trade ◽

Bric Countries ◽

India And China

By analyzing the Russian-German trade commodity composition in 1996–2008 and comparing it to corresponding figures of Brazil, India and China, it is attempted to answer the question: what are the perspectives of export from Russia to Germany, which includes non-resource export, predominantly high value added goods?

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India–China Trade: Asymmetrical Developments and Future Prospects

South Asia Economic Journal ◽

10.1177/1391561419840137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 70-93

Author(s):

Sunandan Ghosh ◽

Manmohan Agarwal ◽

Adrita Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Industrial Structure ◽

Value Added ◽

Consumption Expenditure ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Trade Expansion ◽

Vector Error Correction ◽

China Trade ◽

Vector Error ◽

India And China ◽

Chinese Industries

This article seeks to provide an overview of the evolution and analyses the changing composition of trade between India and China over the period 1983–2017. We find that Chinese exports are almost completely concentrated in manufactures, especially finished equipment goods, whereas Indian exports consist of both agriculture and manufactures and over time have shifted predominantly to intermediate goods. Further, both the countries are exporting those commodities to each other in which they have a revealed comparative advantage, with China’s exports being more diversified. We employ vector error correction estimation and show that China’s exports to India are dependent on India’s household consumption expenditure, while India’ exports to China are correlated to Chinese manufacturing value added. Finally, we calculate the share of each country’s commodity-wise export to the partner in their respective total exports with a view to studying prospects for India–China trade. We conclude that for further trade expansion, diversification is extremely necessary, and Indian exports of inputs to Chinese industries need to change substantially to accommodate the changing nature of China’s industrial structure. JEL: F14, F15, O24

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Health as An Economic Dimension: A comparative study of India and China

Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management ◽

10.24083/apjhm.v15i4.445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 86-94

Author(s):

Manju Yadav

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Human Capital ◽

Economic Development ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Value Added ◽

Capital Formation ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Human Capital Formation ◽

Current Health ◽

India And China

In modern era, human resource is a crucial factor for economic development. Several studies reveal that rapid economic growth of developed countries has been linked with investment in human capital. Efficient and proper management of the workforce is an important factor in development of a country. The importance of human capital formation is now fully recognized because healthy and skilled people, along with physical capital, help in capital formation and raising economic growth. Therefore, large scale investment in human capital is required for the full and optimum use of natural resources. Improvement in the health of masses increases their productive capacity and leads to quantitative improvement in human capital. This paper examines the role of health facilities in human capital formation as well as in economic development. The current study analyzes the trends of current health expenditure as percent of GDP in India and China. An effort has been made to compare the impact of health expenditure on value added per worker in agriculture and its allied sectors in India and China by employing multiple regression model using data from 2000 to 2017. Findings reveal that independent variable (current health expenditure) explains the variation in dependent variable (value added per worker) to an extent of 37.9% and 56.9% in India and China, respectively.

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Sustainable 2,5-furandicarboxylic synthesis by a direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx catalyst

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/d0cc06087a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (88) ◽

pp. 13611-13614

Author(s):

Jialu Wang ◽

Xian Zhang ◽

Guozhong Wang ◽

Yunxia Zhang ◽

Haimin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Value Added ◽

Chemical Energy ◽

New Type

A new type of direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx/CB catalyst not only transformed chemical energy into electric energy but also converted HMF into value-added 2,5-furandicarboxylic (FDCA).

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