Intellectual Property Rights – An Overview of Nigerian Legal Framework

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Fatoba
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Framework

Intellectual Property Rights and Biodiversity Management: The Case of India

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Cullet ◽  
Jawahar Raja
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Biodiversity Convention

This article analyzes the impacts of the international legal framework for the promotion of intellectual property rights on India's legal regime concerning the control over biological resources and inventions derived from biological resources. It focuses in particular on the newly adopted Biodiversity Act and Plant Variety Act as well as on amendments to the Patents Act and their organic relationship within the overall domestic legal framework. It analyzes these enactments in the context of the move towards the control of biological resources and derived products through property rights fostered by existing international treaties, in particular the TRIPS agreement and the biodiversity convention. This has impacts not only for control over biological resources and derived products but also more generally on the management of agriculture in India and other developing countries and the realization of food security and the human right to food at the individual level.

USE OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTED WORKS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Liene Vindele ◽  
Renāte Cāne
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Legal Norms

Copyright is one of the intellectual property rights whose main activity is to promote creativity and protect the ownership of the author. However, these rights are not absolute and are subject to certain restrictions.In the Berne Convention, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and also WIPO Copyright Treaty embodied so-called “three-step test” allowing exceptions to copyright protection. They state that exceptions to copyright protection are admissible only in specific cases; if they comply with the rules of normal exploitation of the author's work; and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate rights of the author.While respecting the restrictions contained in international conventions, the Latvian Copyright Law also lays down various restrictions, when the author's work can be used without a special permit for the use of the author's work or for free, such as in the educational or research process. The free use of copyright-protected materials constitutes a restriction on the economic rights of copyright holders. These restrictions aim to strike a balance between the rights of the author and the interests of the public. Although copyright-protected works can be used in education almost everywhere in the world, restrictions on the exercise of these rights have not been clearly established.The aim of this paper is to research limits use of copyright-protected works in the educational process. Basis for this analysis will be the international and national legal framework about copyright exceptions in educational process.In the development of the research used an analytical method of scientific research, as well as a method of interpreting grammatical, teleological and historical legal norms. For the conclusions used inductive and deductive method of scientific research. 

scholarly journals Trade in counterfeit goods in Serbia: Methodological approach and quantification

Industrija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Branko Radulović ◽  
Miljan Savić
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Counterfeit Products

The paper represents the first step in quantifying the categories of goods with the highest risk of being counterfeit during import into Serbia. Firstly, we present a methodology for quantifying the level of counterfeiting, its advantages, and its limitations. Secondly, we determine the product categories most likely to contain counterfeit products. Likewise, by using the OECD methodology, the GTRIC-p indicator for Serbia was formed, enabling comparison with OECD member countries. Based on the results, Serbia does not significantly differ from EU countries in terms of structure and product categories most at risk. The negative effects of imports of counterfeit products are borne mainly by the foreign intellectual property rights holders whose counterfeit products are imported into Serbia. In this context, despite the legal framework in place, incentives for its proper implementation are questionable.

scholarly journals European Union view on Personal Data in Intellectual Property Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Dorin Cimil ◽  
◽  
Olesea Plotnic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Data Market ◽  
The Republic

The issue under investigation concerns whether personal data or personal information from the point of view of intellectual property constitutes as such a commodity or economic potential, which may be subject to alienation and registration as an object protected by the intellectual property system or represent a non-commercial object, without circulation in civil relations, with a special legal regime, connected to the fundamental human rights and freedoms. Recognition of personal data and other categories of information, related to the person (geolocation data, user-generated content) in terms of intellectual property rights as objects of civil rights, would allow the development of the data market, necessary for the functioning of innovative technologies on big data, cognitive calculations, the Internet of goods, and bringing these technologies into a legal and civilized field. The objective of the article is to appreciate whether personal data is subject to any intellectual property rights by the assessment of EU jurisprudence in line with national legal framework of the Republic of Moldova.

scholarly journals Is the EU human rights legal framework able to cope with discriminatory AI?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Pablo Martínez Ramil
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
Proportionality Test ◽  
The Eu

The challenges introduced by AI for the EU anti-discrimination legal framework have been a widely discussed topic among the doctrine. In the light of the 20th anniversary of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, the Commission released a regulatory proposal to tackle AI. This paper seeks to determine whether the proposal successfully addresses the existent pitfalls of the EU framework. First, this paper explores the functioning of AI systems that employ machine learning techniques and determines how discrimination takes place. Second, the article examines intellectual property rights as one of the main barriers for accountability and redressal of violations committed by an AI system. Third, the state of the discussion concerning the pitfalls of the existent EU approach towards non-discrimination is addressed. The available academic literature suggests that discriminatory outputs produced by an AI will amount to indirect discrimination in most scenarios. In this sense, cases of indirect proxy discrimination will likely pass the proportionality test, therefore justifying the discriminatory output. The last section of this article studies the Commission’s regulatory proposal. Although the document seems to effectively tackle discrimination caused by biased training data sets, this paper concludes that intellectual property rights and proxy discrimination still constitute significant barriers for the enforcement of anti-discrimination law.

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