Frequently Purchased Goods and Price Expectation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Cacicedo
Keyword(s):  
Price Expectation

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Wind Power Projects in a Mix of Free and Regulated Market Environments in Brazil

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3325
Author(s):  
Vanderson Aparecido Delapedra-Silva ◽  
Paula Ferreira ◽  
Jorge Cunha ◽  
Herbert Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Spot Price ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
Price Expectation ◽  
Free Market Price

The electricity market in Brazil is basically organized under two parts: the regulated market, where energy is traded through auctions, and the free market, where market participants freely negotiate the price and quantity of electricity. Although revenues obtained in the regulated market tend to be lower than in the free market, the auctions’ results show that investors still value the lesser degree of uncertainty associated with the regulated market. However, a growing interest in the free market by investors is recognized since the price of electricity tends to be higher. Therefore, this study investigates four free market price scenarios to assess the expected return for investors, using the traditional discounted cash flow approach complemented with Monte Carlo simulation to address market uncertainty. The study breaks new ground by capturing the weekly price fluctuations and including the price elasticity of demand of the free market. The results seem to indicate that the disclosure of the ceiling and floor price limits for the spot price can signal important information about the agents’ price expectation in the free market and can be used for investment project evaluation.

Price Expectation and Price Recall Error: An Empirical Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Helgeson ◽  
Sharon E. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Price Expectation ◽  
Recall Error

scholarly journals Complexity Analysis for Price Competition of Agricultural Products with Regional Brands

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Haolong Liu ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Xiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Delayed Feedback ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Price Adjustment ◽  
Price Expectation ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Stability

The disordered price competition among various agricultural business agents leads to chaos of agricultural products’ prices, which makes it difficult for customers to form stable price expectation and correct brand cognition, restricting the sales of agricultural products with regional brands. Based on the Salop circular market model with bounded rationality and delayed feedback, this paper discusses the complexity in price competition of agricultural products with regional brands. It is found that when the price adjustment speed of agricultural business agents exceeds the stability region, the pricing system of agricultural products with regional brands would appear the phenomenon of periodic bifurcation or chaos. The delayed feedback controlling mechanism of price adjustment could make the pricing system in the chaos state turn to the equilibrium state. Therefore, the price fluctuation of agricultural products with regional brands needs reasonable control from the industrial associations and government departments.

THE ANALYSIS OF PRE AND POST NEGOTIATION OF FRAMING AND PARTNER’S OBJECTIVE ON TRANSFER PRICES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Arief ◽  
Supriyono Supriyono
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Information ◽  
Transfer Price ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Price Expectation ◽  
Expectation Gap ◽  
Transfer Prices ◽  
Loss Frame ◽  
The Impact

Transfer price negotiations are important to managers as they influence both their own and other divisional profits. These transfer prices are affected by both economic factors (market prices) and behavioral factors including fairness on judgments about negotiated transfer prices. In the current study, we examine whether the impact of accounting information on managers’ transfer price expectations are affected by the way accounting information is framed (either as potential gains or potential losses) and the managers’ perception of the other negotiation partners’ objective (whether their partner’s objective involves high or lowconcern-for-others). These expectations are important as they directly affect the costs and outcomes of negotiations. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses, using a 2 x 2 x 2 between-subjects design. The participants of an experiment were 216 undergraduate accounting students from Faculty of Economics and Business, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang. The results of this study that compared to the mainframe, a loss frame exacerbates managers’ self-serving bias and increases the transfer price expectation gap between buyers and sellers. Further, we found that the negotiation partner’s objective had a significant impact on sellers’ transfer price judgments. This finding also found that the degree of concern for the other party has a significant impact on the judgment, in particular, the transfer price for the seller division.

scholarly journals Effect of Pig Price Volatility on Sichuan Pig Farmers’ Behavioral Response in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Miao Hao ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Xinhong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Factory Farming ◽  
Price Expectation ◽  
The Future

This study aims to analyze cobweb phenomenon of pig price volatility and its effects on pig producers in Sichuan, China. Historical data showed that pig price from 2000 to 2003 pertained to Occlude Cobweb Phenomenon; while pig price from 2004 to 2012 pertained to Divergent Cobweb Phenomenon. Based on Cobweb Phenomenon this article provided a comparative analysis of pig price volatility’s effects on scattered farmers, scale farmers and pig factories via examining their basic information, response to price volatility, reasons leading to such response, and price expectation. The results indicated that scale farmers were the most sensitive to price volatility; hence their production behaviors probably boosted pig price volatility to some degree. Factory farming was the most competitive farming pattern and was bound to be the main trend in pig industry in the future.

Three-dimensional morphology of anatase nanocrystals obtained from supercritical flow synthesis with industrial grade TiOSO4 precursor

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Yu ◽  
Frederik Søndergaard-Pedersen ◽  
Aref Mamakhel ◽  
Paolo Lamagni ◽  
Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Titanyl Sulfate ◽  
Supercritical Flow ◽  
Price Expectation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Anatase TiO2 (a-TiO2) nanocrystals are vital in catalytic applications both as catalysts (e.g. photodegradation) and as a carrier material (e.g. NOx removal from exhaust). The synthesis of a-TiO2 nanocrystals and their properties have been heavily scrutinized, but there exists a clear gap between the scientific literature, and the scale and price expectation of industrial application. Here it is demonstrated that the industrially most attractive Ti precursor, titanyl sulfate (TiOSO4), can be combined with the green, scalable and fast supercritical flow method to produce phase pure and highly crystalline a-TiO2 nanoparticles with high specific surface area. Control of the nanocrystal morphology is important since it is known that certain facets substantially promote catalytic activity. It is, however, in itself challenging to determine nanocrystal morphology to provide a rational basis for the synthesis control. Here we advocate the use of advanced Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data including anisotropic size broadening models in aiding to establish the sample three-dimensional morphology. This relatively quick and robust method assists in overcoming the often encountered ambiguity inherent in two-dimensional to three-dimensional reconstruction of selected particle morphologies with transmission electron microscopy and tomography techniques.

scholarly journals Evaluation effects of bundle size and price presentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Gundersen Engeset ◽  
Birger Opstad
Keyword(s):  
Price Expectations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Price Expectation ◽  
Mediated Moderation ◽  
Presentation Formats ◽  
Bundle Size ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Size Interaction ◽  
Price Presentation ◽  
Product Bundles

Purpose Marketers often combine products in bundles to increase demand. Research has shown that itemizing the prices of the individual products in the bundle raises evaluations in some situations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how bundle size influences the effect itemizing prices have on bundle evaluation. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct two experiments. In the first, they test the effects of price presentation formats (itemized vs consolidated) and bundle size on consumers’ evaluations of product bundles. In the second experiment, they test the proposed mechanism that itemizing the price leads to a more realistic price expectation which in turn enhances evaluation. The authors also test whether this effect is stronger for larger bundles. Findings In Study 1, the authors find that large, but not small, bundles are evaluated more positive when presented with itemized prices. In Study 2, mediated moderation analysis supports the prediction that price expectation mediates the effect of the price presentation × bundle size interaction on bundle evaluations. The findings show that itemizing prices results in more realistic price expectations and that this effect is stronger for larger bundles. In turn, more realistic price expectations lead to higher evaluation. Research limitations/implications The implication of this research is that by directing attention to individual items in the bundle, consumers are better able to assess bundle benefits. More research is needed to investigate other potential explanations for the findings in Study 1. Further research should also investigate whether the findings reported here holds in other settings, with other products and with other types and size of bundles. Practical implications Managers are recommended to itemize the prices of product bundles, particularly when bundles are large. Originality/value This paper extends our knowledge about the effect itemizing the prices of individual items in a bundle has on consumer evaluation by demonstrating the moderating effect of bundle size and showing that more realistic price expectation explains these effects.

scholarly journals Determinants of Farmer-to-Consumer Direct Market Visits by Type of Facility: A Logit Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramu Govindasamy ◽  
Rodolfo M. Nayga
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Price Expectation ◽  
Direct Market

This study identifies several socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of individuals who visited farmer-to-consumer direct markets in New Jersey. The analysis was performed for each type of direct marketing facility: pick-your-own farms, roadside stands, farmers’ markets, and direct farm markets. Logit analysis results indicate that various factors affect visitation to each type of facility. Factors examined include consumer's consumption and variety of fruits and vegetables, price expectation, purpose of buying, age, sex, education, race, income, urbanization, and presence of home garden.

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