Classifying Mental Disorders Genetically: Genomic Factor Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuquan Rao ◽  
Ancha Baranova ◽  
Lei Cai ◽  
Hongbao Cao ◽  
Lin Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Genomic Factor

The Chemosensory Pleasure Scale: A New Assessment for Measuring Hedonic Smell and Taste Capacities

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiu-Bo Zhao ◽  
Yi-Le Wang ◽  
Qian-Wen Ma ◽  
Jing-Bo Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Empirical Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Hedonic Capacity

Abstract Anhedonia, or the inability to experience pleasure, is a key clinical feature of many mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Although various valid measurements of anhedonia and pleasure experience exist, no scales exist that quantify smell and taste pleasure experiences. The Chemosensory Pleasure Scale (CPS) was therefore designed to assess the hedonic capacity for smell and taste pleasure. We examined the reliability and validity of the CPS in our study. First, we conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to identify and examine the structure of the CPS. Second, the CPS’s validity and test-retest stability were investigated. The CPS was correlated with other measurements of anhedonia and pleasure experience. Furthermore, the empirical validity of CPS was also examined in our study. The results indicated that the CPS is a reliable and valid measure for assessing an individual’s hedonic capacity for smell and taste pleasure in nonclinical samples. Further application of the CPS for various populations is also discussed herein, especially for patients with mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and autism.

scholarly journals Lifetime co-morbidity of DSM-IV disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1997-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
S. Avenevoli ◽  
K. A. McLaughlin ◽  
J. Greif Green ◽  
M. D. Lakoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Prior History ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey Replication ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Subsequent Onset

BackgroundResearch on the structure of co-morbidity among common mental disorders has largely focused on current prevalence rather than on the development of co-morbidity. This report presents preliminary results of the latter type of analysis based on the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).MethodA national survey was carried out of adolescent mental disorders. DSM-IV diagnoses were based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) administered to adolescents and questionnaires self-administered to parents. Factor analysis examined co-morbidity among 15 lifetime DSM-IV disorders. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to predict first onset of each disorder from information about prior history of the other 14 disorders.ResultsFactor analysis found four factors representing fear, distress, behavior and substance disorders. Associations of temporally primary disorders with the subsequent onset of other disorders, dated using retrospective age-of-onset (AOO) reports, were almost entirely positive. Within-class associations (e.g. distress disorders predicting subsequent onset of other distress disorders) were more consistently significant (63.2%) than between-class associations (33.0%). Strength of associations decreased as co-morbidity among disorders increased. The percentage of lifetime disorders explained (in a predictive rather than a causal sense) by temporally prior disorders was in the range 3.7–6.9% for earliest-onset disorders [specific phobia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)] and much higher (23.1–64.3%) for later-onset disorders. Fear disorders were the strongest predictors of most other subsequent disorders.ConclusionsAdolescent mental disorders are highly co-morbid. The strong associations of temporally primary fear disorders with many other later-onset disorders suggest that fear disorders might be promising targets for early interventions.

scholarly journals Confirmatory factor analysis of the behavior rating inventory of executive function in a neuro-pediatric sample and its application to mental disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Halvorsen ◽  
Børge Mathiassen ◽  
Tarjei Amundsen ◽  
Jonas Ellingsen ◽  
Per Håkan Brøndbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory

scholarly journals HiTOP Is Not an Improvement Over the DSM

2022 ◽  
pp. 216770262110688
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Haeffel ◽  
Bertus F. Jeronimus ◽  
Aaron J. Fisher ◽  
Bonnie N. Kaiser ◽  
Lesley Jo Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Clinical Judgments ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Folk Classification ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Factor Analytic

In their response to our article (both in this issue), DeYoung and colleagues did not sufficiently address three fundamental flaws with the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). First, HiTOP was created using a simple-structure factor-analytic approach, which does not adequately represent the dimensional space of the symptoms of psychopathology. Consequently, HiTOP is not the empirical structure of psychopathology. Second, factor analysis and dimensional ratings do not fix the problems inherent to descriptive (folk) classification; self-reported symptoms are still the basis on which clinical judgments about people are made. Finally, HiTOP is not ready to use in real-world clinical settings. There is currently no empirical evidence demonstrating that clinicians who use HiTOP have better clinical outcomes than those who use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM). In sum, HiTOP is a factor-analytic variation of the DSM that does not get the field closer to a more valid and useful taxonomy.

Introduction to “The hard question in psychiatric nosology”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Parnas ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Nosology

This chapter presents an introduction to the points raised in the following chapter, which focuses on principles and criteria to which mental disorders are classified, and the “natural” or “construct” nature of a classificatory object. It discusses the “meaningful but arbitrary” nature of many DSM criteria, interrelation or “meta-structure” of disorders, and the indeterminacy of factor analysis.

scholarly journals A novel construct of anhedonia revealed in a Chinese sample via the Revised Physical and Social Anhedonia Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongqiong Wu ◽  
Jiayue He ◽  
Shulin Fang ◽  
Panwen Zhang ◽  
Xingwei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Social Anhedonia ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Anhedonia is a core clinical symptom of mental disorders. The Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale (RPAS) and the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS) have been applied in clinical and non-clinical samples since 1980s. However, the construct of a unified RPAS&RSAS for comprehensive measurement of anhedonia has never been explored. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the factor structure of the unified RPAS&RSAS among undergraduates and clinical patients. Methods A total of 3435 undergraduates from two universities and 294 clinical patients with mental disorders had completed the Chinese version of the RPAS and the RSAS. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were each conducted to reveal the constructs of the RPAS and the RSAS. CFA was used to evaluate first- and second-order models for the unified RPAS&RSAS in undergraduates and clinical patients. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the RPAS and the RSAS were also evaluated. Results EFA and CFA indicated 2-factor structures for RPAS and RSAS, with the factors being defined as anticipatory anhedonia and consummatory anhedonia. The second-order model of the unified RPAS&RSAS in the undergraduates and clinical patients both had satisfactory fit index values (Undergraduate sample: CFI = 0.901, TLI = 0.899, RMSEA = 0.055, SRMR = 0.086; Clinical sample: CFI = 0.922, TLI = 0.911, RMSEA = 0.052, SRMR = 0.078). The psychometric robustness of the RPAS&RSAS were confirmed by high internal consistency and test-retest reliability values. Conclusions The unified RPAS&RSAS with a second-order structure was confirmed in both undergraduates and clinical samples in Chinese. The construct of anhedonia was refreshed as covering physical and social domains, and each of them includes both anticipatory and consummatory components.

scholarly journals Adaptation and validation of the Measuring of Treatment Adherence for mental health

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 5) ◽  
pp. 2243-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia de Oliveira Borba ◽  
Fernanda Carolina Capistrano ◽  
Aline Cristina Zerwes Ferreira ◽  
Luciana Puchalski Kalinke ◽  
Maria de Fátima Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Bartlett’S Test ◽  
Two Factors

ABSTRACT Objective: to adapt culturally and validate the Measuring Instrument of Treatment Adherence for mental health. Method: methodological study, carried out with 300 individuals with mental disorders, in two Psychosocial Care Centers in Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil, from April to June 2014. The cross-cultural adaptation was developed according to international recommendations, the construct validation was made by exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency was verified by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: through the evaluation of a committee of experts and completion of the pre-testing, face and content validation was achieved. From the factor analysis, we identified two factors of the instrument’s construct: involuntary action and voluntary action, with a total explanation variance of 55.7%. The value of Bartlett’s test of sphericity was p<0.001. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.74. Conclusion: the adapted and validated instrument proved to be trustworthy to be applied to the verification of adherence to drug therapy for individuals with mental disorders.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

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