Is It Always Profitable to Be a Member of the EU? – Part II – on the Purchasing Power Inequality of a Box of Cigarettes and Budget Losses from Smuggling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bancho Banov
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Inequality ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals POTENTIAL AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CURRENT SITUATION, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Shulha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The Eu

The state and contradictions of the development of the agricultural sector of the national economy are investigated. Challenges at the micro-, macro- and global levels for the agricultural sector in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified. It is noted that the main problems for the domestic agricultural sector in a pandemic were: reducing the purchasing power of the population, limiting the functioning of agri-food markets during quarantine, complicating the logistics of agricultural products. It is established that changes in the markets of countries that are major importers of agricultural products from Ukraine (China, India, the EU, Turkey, Egypt) in a pandemic will have the greatest impact on the development of Ukraine’s agricultural sector. It is concluded that among all sectors of the national economy, agriculture is the least affected by quarantine restrictions. It is shown that small and medium-sized farms suffer the greatest losses in a pandemic. The tasks facing agricultural enterprises and the state in the conditions of a pandemic are determined. The strategic directions of agricultural policy in Ukraine are indicated.

Purchasing Power Parity versus the EU in the Mediterranean countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Camarero ◽  
Juan Carlos Cuestas ◽  
Javier Ordóñez
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Consumer foodstuffs demand and income standard development in the households of Slovakia

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubica Kubicová ◽  
Zuzana Lušňáková
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
The Eu

The present social and economic conditions in Slovakia participate to the behaviour differentiation of individual households on the consumer market. It is possible to speak about changes both in the po­si­ti­ve and negative sense of word. The positive impact can be observed in the inter-annual increase of the population revenues especially in the years 2006 and 2007 (by 13.86 % and 12.05 %) in connection with greater possibilities of the employment growth and employment on the work market of the EU member countries. The negative manifestations can be seen within the low income household groups because they represent a great part of households in Slovakia. In spite of the fact that the final consumptions and expenditures of private households increased from 56.3 % in 2000 to 58.3 % in 2005 and it was manifested in GDP, and the growth of the population standard purchasing power increased from € 5400.00 to € 7700.00 per inhabitant (Eurostat 08), Slovakia is within the EU-27 countries at the lower bound of the achieved purchasing power standard (the Eurozone average is € 14000.00). Over the decennial period (1998–2007) the average annual monetary revenue increase of private households was 7.62 % and in 2007 it represented a nominal value of € 4158.269 and in the real expression it was € 4105.009 per a household member. In the past years the economic development in Slovakia (GDP growth by 10.4 % and the final household consumption by 7.1 % in 2007) enabled, at the average annual income growth by 7.62 %, an increase of consumption expenditures by 6.59 % for foodstuffs and for non alcoholic beverages by 3.66 %. This development is confirmed by income-demand analysis results.

scholarly journals Tendencies and limitations on increasing excise tax on cigarettes in EU member states

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Mykhailo POLIAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Member States ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Eu

The recent studies of levying excise tax on cigarettes and the policy of the EU and its member states aimed at setting a minimum excise tax thereon have been analyzed in order to substantiate recommendations on the respective reform in Ukraine. The article confirms findings that a sharp increase in the excise tax (high excise rates) lead to the growth of illicit trade in such products. For that reason, when initiating corresponding changes to legislation, it is essential to choose such pace of increase in tax rates that would take into account the purchasing power and the level of such rates in neighboring countries. Even severe tax control measures may turn out to be inefficient if there are any conditions for getting high profits from the illicit market. Achieving excise revenue growth without fiscal losses due to the increase in illicit tobacco trade is possible only through a gradual increase in tax rates. It has been established that the negative experience of a number of the new EU countries in reaching the EU minimum excise tax on cigarettes should be taken into consideration while designing future pan-European legislative changes to avoid decisions that would either set out too high target thresholds or disregard the need to provide a sufficient transition period to achieve them. Today significant differences persist in the levels of purchasing power in the member states and there are still opportunities for smuggling cigarettes into the EU through its eastern borders. Given this, several post-socialist EU countries remain vulnerable to new increases in the minimum excise tax on cigarettes and are unlikely to agree on legislative changes that set forth “jumps” in the excise tax rates or their significant growth in the coming years. It has also been demonstrated that most EU countries have abstained from raising cigarette excise tax significantly during the COVID crisis for fear of the illicit trade growth. It has been proven that Ukraine should review the current plan on increasing cigarette excise tax by slowing down the tax growth and extending the plan till 2028.

scholarly journals Digitalization, Quality of Life and Purchasing Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Roland Z. Szabó ◽  
Márk János Tátrai
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Quality Of Life Index ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The World Economic Forum stated that while digitalization caused a rapid productivity growth, it has also had its disadvantages. Can digitalization be the catalyst of economic development? Our hypothesis contributes to the debate that the higher the level of digital development in a given country, the greater the quality of life and purchasing power it can achieve due to the benefits of various digital technologies. In our research, we investigated the relationship between the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), the Quality of Life Index (QLI) and the Purchasing Power Index (PPI) among the EU countries from 2014 to 2019. We acquired datasets from Eurostat and Numbeo and examined correlations between indices. We found a strong positive relationship between the level of digitalization, the quality of life, and the purchasing power.

scholarly journals The Analysis of the Digital Economy and Society Index in the EU

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy Stavytskyy ◽  
Ganna Kharlamova ◽  
Eduard Alexandru Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe paper analyzes the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), which characterizes the development of digital economy. Based on the data of 28 European countries for 2013–2018, using the panel regression, we studied the influence of the consumption index growth by the purchasing power parity and unemployment among the active population on the structural units of DESI. It is shown that a 1% increase in the consumption index results in about 0.2 increase in the DESI, and an increase in unemployment by 1% leads to about 0.2 DESI decline. It is also shown that the 98% value of DESI is actually determined by its previous trends, and therefore it is impossible to increase this index rapidly. Some reflections and conclusions are made on the perspective of the developing states, i.e., Ukraine, that is not yet assessed in DESI ranking.

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