Merchant Hubs and Spatial Disparities in the Private Enforcement of International Trade Regimes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lampach ◽  
Wessel Wijtvliet ◽  
Arthur Dyevre
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Private Enforcement ◽  
Spatial Disparities ◽  
Trade Regimes

International Trade and UK De-Industrialisation

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. R3-R13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Foliano ◽  
Rebecca Riley
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Import Competition ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Trade Regimes ◽  
Important Player ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Economies

The past 25 years have been characterised by a surge in international trade as economies have become increasingly inter-linked. In many advanced economies this surge has been associated with increased import competition from low-wage economies. This paper explores the effects of such competition on manufacturing jobs in the UK. We consider two developments that influenced the nature of international trade: the ascendency of China as an important player in global markets and the accession to the European Union of a number of Eastern European economies in 2004. Both of these changes were associated with a shift in trade regimes and led to a sharp rise in import competition in particular UK manufacturing sectors. We find that these changes are likely to have hastened the decline of UK manufacturing.

Trade regimes as a tool for cyber policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Karl Grindal
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Dead Weight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sufficient Cause ◽  
Trade Regimes

PurposeThis research develops a framework for assessing international trade regimes which could be used to address global cybersecurity challenges based on the corresponding costs of implementation and their distribution. Trade regimes, such as export controls, tariffs, investment restrictions and localization requirements, have disparate effects on foreign and domestic producers and consumers.Design/methodology/approachThese trade regimes and their effects are explored through a literature review and conceptual framework. A case study then assesses trends in the use of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS).FindingsCFIUS investment restrictions have justified blocking specific Chinese acquisitions of American companies, at least partially, on cybersecurity grounds using a targeted and evidence-based approach. Because of its targeted effect, CFIUS is the least likely of these trade regimes to block legitimate international trade. Restrictions on international trade, without sufficient cause, produce dead weight loss under the theory of comparative advantage.Originality/valueThese costs should be accounted for in any policy-based decision, particularly as policy entrepreneurs increasingly push for embedding cybersecurity reforms into these trade regimes. While the literature on trade regimes and cybersecurity is growing, this paper advances this research with its comparative framework.

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