Directed Technological Change & Cross-Country Income Differences: A Quantitative Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Jerzmanowski ◽  
Robert Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Directed Technological Change

scholarly journals Firm-Embedded Productivity and Cross-Country Income Differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Alviarez ◽  
Javier Cravino ◽  
Natalia Ramondo
Keyword(s):  
Income Differences ◽  
Cross Country

Human Development Status and Regional Disparity in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450019
Author(s):  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
Bin ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Regional Disparity ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Nations Development ◽  
Shed Light

The 2010 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Global Human Development Report introduced a new methodology to calculate Human Development Index (HDI). Three dimensions of HDI i.e. income, education, and health are adjusted for inequalities in attainments across people. The paper uses the new methodology to estimate 2010 China's national and provincial HDI. Compared with UNDP global report, all the data used here are from China's domestic sources. The education indicator estimated here by referring to detailed local statistics and documents are higher than that in UNDP's global report, thus contributing a slight higher overall HDI estimate. Based on the estimation results here and UNDP's report, China is located in between high human development and low human development, in other words, placed around the half position among all 169 countries. To facilitate a cross-country comparison, the indices are normalized with reference to the goalposts outlined in the HDR 2010. When ranked according to global goalposts, Beijing's rank is 31 whereas the least developed Tibet only ranks 114. Most of the regional disparity is driven by their income differences. The findings of this paper try to shed light on the status of China's human development and also gain insights on China's regional disparity. Further research is required to explore the inter-linkages between inequalities across various dimensions and to examine the factors behind these inequalities.

scholarly journals DIRECTED TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE: A KNOWLEDGE-BASED MODEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tailong Li ◽  
Shiyuan Pan ◽  
Heng-fu Zou
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Biased Technological Change ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Directed Technological Change

In a knowledge-based growth model where skilled workers are used in innovation and production, skill-biased technological change may lower average R&D productivity via an innovation possibilities frontier effect that eliminates scale effects. We show that skill-biased technological change increases the skill premium even if the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled workers is less than two. Trade between developed countries promotes skill-biased technological change, thus raising wage inequality. Trade between developed and developing countries has differing effects: it induces relatively skill-replacing technological change and lowers wage inequality in the developed country but has the opposite effects in the developing country. Finally, we show that trade can stimulate or hurt economic growth.

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