Village in the City: Residential Segregation in Urbanizing India

AbstractThe ‘keep it simple, stupid’ slogan, or the KISS principle has been the basic guideline in agent-based modeling (ABM). While the KISS principle or parsimony is vital in modeling attempts, conventional agent-based models remain abstract and are rarely incorporated or validated with empirical data, leaving the links between theoretical models and empirical phenomena rather loose. This article reexamines the KISS principle and discusses the recent modeling attempts that incorporate and validate agent-based models with spatial (geo-referenced) data, moving beyond the KISS principle. This article also provides a working example of such time and space specified (TASS) agent-based models that incorporates Schelling's (1971) classic model of residential segregation with detailed geo-referenced demographic data on the city of Chicago derived from the US Census 2010.

Download Full-text

Componentes sociales y espaciales de la movilidad residencial en Bogotá / Social and Spatial Components of Residential Mobility in Bogotá

Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos ◽

10.24201/edu.v19i1.1196 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel Delaunay ◽

Françoise Dureau

Keyword(s):

Residential Segregation ◽

Residential Mobility ◽

Social Differences ◽

Family Histories ◽

History Of ◽

The City

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cuatro componentes de la movilidad residencial intraurbana de los residentes de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia): la elección de la vivienda, de su localización, del tipo de tenencia, y la decisión de lograr una autonomía residencial. Cada una de ellas tiene su propia lógica, y ésta se analiza para cada individuo por medio de las trayectorias biográficas recabadas en 1993. Las diferenciaciones sociales cambian de un componente a otro, se agregan o se combinan, provocando variaciones en la movilidad residencial.En una ciudad en rápida expansión, con una notable segregación residencial, el interés por la localización es fundamental, a pesar de que poco se le ha considerado en la literatura que trata sobre el tema. El significado que confieren los individuos a la ubicación de su vivienda dentro de la ciudad rebasa la simple consideración de los recursos con que cuenta el barrio; atañe también a las historias familiares y a la historia de la ciudad.AbstractThis paper seeks to analyze four components of the intraurban residential mobility of residents of Bogotá, Colombia: choice of housing, location of the latter, type of ownership and the decision to achieve residential autonomy. Each of them has its own logic, which is analyzed for each individual through biographical accounts obtained in 1993. Social differences change from one component to another, are added or combined, thereby causing variations in residential mobility.In a rapidly expanding city, with marked residential segregation, interest in location is crucial, despite the lack of attention it has received in the literature on the issue. The meaning that individuals give the location of their housing within the city goes beyond the resources of the neighborhood itself, since it also involves family histories and the history of the city.

Download Full-text

Estrutura Urbana e Representações: A invenção da Zona Sul e a construção de um novo processo de segregação espacial no Rio de Janeiro nas primeiras décadas do século XX

GeoTextos ◽

10.9771/1984-5537geo.v6i1.4306 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Elizabeth Dezouzart Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Residential Segregation ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Urban Structure ◽

The South ◽

Large Area ◽

Process Of Change ◽

New Process ◽

The City ◽

South Zone

No Rio de Janeiro, a segregação espacial já era conhecida pelo menos desde meados do século XIX. No entanto, foi só nas primeiras décadas do século XX que surgiriam as bases para uma nova configuração da segregação espacial na cidade, com a criação e a ocupação do bairro de Copacabana, que proporcionou a “invenção” da Zona Sul, “topônimo” até então não utilizado, e do seu oposto, a grande área que ficou conhecida como “subúrbio”, termo até então utilizado com outro significado. A toponímia associada a essas novas áreas de expansão da cidade foi relacionada a uma representação que proporcionou as diretrizes da segregação residencial no Rio de Janeiro por várias décadas, até fins do século XX, na dicotomia zona sul/ subúrbios. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o processo de construção destas representações e de mudança e construção de um novo modelo de segregação residencial no Rio de Janeiro nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Abstract URBAN STRUCTURE AND REPRESENTATIONS: THE INVENTION OF THE SOUTH ZONE AND THE MAKING OF A NEW PROCESS OF SPACIAL SEGREGATION IN RIO DE JANEIRO IN THE FIRST DECADES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY In Rio de Janeiro, space segregation was already known at least since de mid nineteenth century. However, only in the first decades of the twetieth century there would be th basis for a new configuration of the space segregation in the city, with the creation and occupation of Copacabana district, causing th “invention” of the South Zone, “toponyn” until then not used, and of its opposite, the large area that became known as th “suburb”, a term wich until then had another meaning. The toponymy associated to these new areas of the expanding city was related to an representation that provided the grounds of residential segregation in Rio for many decades, until the end of the twentieth century, in the form of the dicotomy south zone/suburbs. The aim of this work is to show this process of consturuction of these representations and the process of change and building of a new model of segragation in Rio de Janeiro in the first decades of the twentieth century.

Download Full-text

Urban Projects and Residential Segregation: A Case Study of the Cabanyal Neighborhood in Valencia (Spain)

Urban Science ◽

10.3390/urbansci2040119 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Roxana-Diana Ilisei ◽

Julia Salom-Carrasco

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Residential Segregation ◽

Urban Policy ◽

Social Changes ◽

The European Union ◽

Urban Project ◽

Education And Employment ◽

High Level ◽

The City

In this paper, we study the consequences of neoliberal urban policy, in terms of the segregation and social changes experienced in the Cabanyal neighborhood located in Valencia, Spain. In doing so, we analyze the process of residential mobility that has affected the neighborhood during the last decade, resulting in a segregation of space. This neighborhood had been affected, since 1988, by an urban project that was to bring about its partial destruction. Despite having been stopped, the project has caused a dynamic of physical and social degradation of the neighborhood against which the local government has only very recently started to intervene. Using microdata from the Residential Variation Statistics provided by the Statistical Office of the City of Valencia, we analyze the demographic profile of the mobility inside the Cabanyal neighborhood and also the origin of the arrivals and the destination of the departures from 2004–2016. The aim is to identify the territorial pattern of the socio-demographic changes that have affected the neighborhood. The results indicate that during the period under analysis, in which the area was affected by the urban project, a progressive loss in the Spanish population was occurring, as well as a substitution of non- EU immigrants, who were predominant at the beginning of the period, with EU immigrants. This process has produced a high level of residential segregation, since immigrants from the European Union are viewed more negatively than immigrants from outside of the European Union, which, along with their lower level of education and employment in low-skilled and poorly paid jobs, makes their social integration and interaction more difficult.

Download Full-text

Interdependence Evaluation between the Home Neighborhood and the City: How Socio-Spatial Categorization Impacts upon Residential Segregation

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci7100178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kawtar Najib

Keyword(s):

Residential Segregation ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Field Survey ◽

The Other ◽

City Center ◽

Cognitive Approach ◽

The City ◽

The Way

This paper proposes a socio-cognitive approach to how people assess the different neighborhoods of a city. The main objective is to show that beyond the meanings associated with each neighborhood, the way in which residents relate to and evaluate their own neighborhood and the city center influence how residents perceive and assess the other remaining neighborhoods of the city. The assessment of one neighborhood cannot be analyzed separately from the other neighborhoods. Cognitive processes of assimilation, contrast, contagion, and non-contagion contribute to the conceptualization of a city’s neighborhoods from the two main emotional and symbolic anchorages of residents. However, the implementation of these processes is conditioned by the socio-spatial situation of the interviewees. In this regard, a field survey of 320 residents was conducted in different neighborhoods of Besançon (in France), and allows us to show that the geographical anchorages of a resident’s own neighborhood and the city center are systematically more positively assessed than the other neighborhoods. The more these geographical anchorages are appreciated, the more the other neighborhoods are also positively assessed. The fact that it is impossible for a city’s neighborhoods to be autonomous is discussed in this paper in terms of socio-cognitive constructions of urban segregations.

Download Full-text

Cancer Incidence and Multilevel Measures of Residential Economic and Racial Segregation for Cancer Registries

JNCI Cancer Spectrum ◽

10.1093/jncics/pky009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nancy Krieger ◽

Justin M Feldman ◽

Rockli Kim ◽

Pamela D Waterman

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Residential Segregation ◽

Census Tract ◽

Total Population ◽

Racial Segregation ◽

Economic Segregation ◽

Census Tract Level ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Incident Cases ◽

The City

Abstract Background The handful of studies (<30) on cancer and residential segregation have focused on racial segregation, primarily at the city/town level. We tested a priori hypotheses about choice of measure and level by extending use of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) to quantify both economic and racial residential segregation, singly and combined, and conducted analyses for the total population and stratified by race/ethnicity. Methods Outcomes comprised Massachusetts incidence rates (2010–2014) for invasive breast, cervical, and lung cancer, analyzed in relation to census tract and city/town ICE measures for income, race/ethnicity, race/ethnicity + income, and the federal poverty line. Multilevel Poisson regression modeled observed counts of incident cases. Results Both choice of metric and level mattered. As illustrated by cervical cancer, in models including both the census tract and city/town levels, the rate ratio for the worst to best quintile for the total population was greatest at the census tract level for the ICE for racialized economic segregation (3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1 to 4.3) and least for the poverty measure (1.9, 95% CI = 1.4 to 2.6), with null associations at the city/town level. In analogous models with both levels for lung cancer, however, for the non-Hispanic black and Hispanic populations, the rate ratios for, respectively, the ICE and poverty measures, were larger (and excluded 1) at the city/town compared with the census tract level. Conclusions Our study suggests that the ICE for racialized economic segregation, at multiple levels, can be used to improve monitoring and analysis of cancer inequities.

Download Full-text

CHOCOLATE CITY, VANILLA SUBURBS REVISITED

Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race ◽

10.1017/s1742058x21000266 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Reynolds Farley

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Public Schools ◽

Residential Segregation ◽

The United States ◽

World War ◽

Racial Residential Segregation ◽

Large Numbers ◽

History Of ◽

Suburban Ring ◽

The City

Abstract Despite the long history of racial hostility, African Americans after 1990 began moving from the city of Detroit to the surrounding suburbs in large numbers. After World War II, metropolitan Detroit ranked with Chicago, Cleveland, and Milwaukee for having the highest levels of racial residential segregation in the United States. Detroit’s suburbs apparently led the country in their strident opposition to integration. Today, segregation scores are moderate to low for Detroit’s entire suburban ring and for the larger suburbs. Suburban public schools are not highly segregated by race. This essay describes how this change has occurred and seeks to explain why there is a trend toward residential integration in the nation’s quintessential American Apartheid metropolis.

Download Full-text

Prismatic Metropolis: Race and Residential Segregation in the City of the Angels

Social Science Research ◽

10.1006/ssre.1996.0016 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 335-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

Camille L. Zubrinsky ◽

Lawrence Bobo

Keyword(s):

Residential Segregation ◽

The City

Download Full-text