Efficience De Production Du Secteur Informel Non-Agricole Et Réduction De La Pauvreté AU Cameroun (Production Efficiency of Non-agricultural Informal Sector and Poverty Reduction in Cameroun)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Bem ◽  
Pierre Joubert Nguetse Tegoum ◽  
Tatiana Morel Samo Tcheeko ◽  
Jacksone Essoh
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Secteur Informel

scholarly journals Targeting Performance of Community-based Development Interventions: An Econometric Analysis of a WomenFocused and Women-Managed Non-Governmental Organisation in Rural Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 825-840
Author(s):  
Hidayat Ullah Khan ◽  
Takashi Kurosaki
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
Potential Use

The approach of community-based development (CBD) is expected to improve targeting and reduce programme costs of poverty reduction policies, besides other positive contributions [Mansuri and Rao (2004)]. 1 Furthermore, the use of local knowledge is expected to bear greater relevance in a situation where credible monetary data for potential use in targeting activities are not available. According to Alatas, et al. (2012), in developing countries—where the majority of potential target group is employed in the informal sector—the availability of verifiable income records is always an issue. Therefore, it is difficult to identify target groups by employing conventional targeting techniques such as means tests. For these reasons, identification through the CBD approach is expected to improve targeting.

scholarly journals Optimal Tax Design and Enforcement with an Informal Sector

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Boadway ◽  
Motohiro Sato
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Optimal Tax ◽  
Commodity Tax ◽  
The Government ◽  
Optimal Commodity ◽  
Tax Design

An optimal commodity tax approach is taken to compare trade taxes and VATs when some commodities are produced informally. Trade taxes apply to all imports and exports, including intermediate goods, while the VAT applies only to sales by the formal sector and imports. The VAT achieves production efficiency within the formal sector, but, unlike trade taxes, cannot indirectly tax profits. Making the size of the informal sector endogenous in each regime is potentially decisive. The ability of the government to change the size of the informal sector through costly enforcement may also tip the balance in favor of the VAT. (JEL E26, H21, H25)

scholarly journals Efficiency of small scale vegetable farms: policy implications for the rural poverty reduction in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Shrestha ◽  
W.-Ch. Huang ◽  
S. Gautam ◽  
T.G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Parametric Data

Poverty and hunger reduction are intertwined challenges and enduring issues in the world, particularly in developing countries. Improvement in the efficiency in vegetable farming helps the farmers increase the per capita income, reduce poverty and eventually improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers. This paper evaluates economic efficiency of vegetable farms in Nepal using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. The results show evidence to suggest that vegetable farms in Nepal have a considerable potential for improving the vegetable production efficiency with a greater access to improved seed, agricultural credit, and training and extension services. Some policies options with regard to the vegetable production technology, and support services for farmers in general and women farmers in particular, are suggested to increase the farm efficiency. While some of these support services are currently available, we suggest that a more focus be given to creating the improved market access, to the women focused extension, and to training packages for the sustainable production. These support services can lead to increases in the farm income and to reduce poverty.

Integrating the Informal Sector for Improved Waste Management in Rural Communities

2019 ◽  
pp. 208-224
Author(s):  
Veronika Alhanaqtah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based

The chapter dwells on the theoretical and practical aspects of the informal sector involvement in the system of waste management in rural communities. First, the author discusses peculiar properties of the informal sector involvement such as social, economic, and environmental peculiarities. Second, organizing the informal sector in rural areas is considered. Such issues as the role of community members, organizational structures of community-based organizations, problems of community-based waste management, and directions of its solutions are covered. Third, the author provides summary of experience and policy recommendations for the integration of the informal sector in the waste management system in rural areas. The author concludes that policies facilitating the integration of the informal sector result in increasing recyclable recovery rates and reduction of total waste-management costs. Partnership with the informal recycling sector improves resource efficiency in rural areas and contributes to poverty reduction and environmental improvements.

Architecture for Analyzing Agriculture Data Using Data Analytics

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Namratha Birudaraju ◽  
Adiraju Prasanth Rao ◽  
Sathiyamoorthi V.
Keyword(s):  
Data Analytics ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

The main steps for agricultural practices include preparation of soil, sowing, adding manure, irrigation, harvesting, and storage. For this, one needs to develop modern tools and technologies that can improve production efficiency, product quality, schedule and monitoring the crops, fertilizer spraying, planting, which helps the farmers choose the suitable crop. Efficient techniques are used to analyze huge amount of data which provide real time information about emerging trends. Facilities like fertilizer requirement notifications, predictions on wind directions, satellite-based monitoring are sources of data. Analytics can be used to enable farmers to make decisions based on data. This chapter provides a review of existing work to study the impact of big data on the analysis of agriculture. Analytics creates many chances in the field of agriculture towards smart farming by using hardware, software. The emerging ability to use analytic methods for development promise to transform farming sector to facilitate the poverty reduction which helps to deal with humane crises and conflicts.

Poverty

2014 ◽  
pp. 174-196
Author(s):  
Abebe Shimeles
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Modern Sector ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Per Capita

Growth has been high and widespread in the last decade in Africa. Whether this shift in Africa’s fortune has impacted poverty has been a subject of controversy. This chapter brings into focus recent evidence on the pace of poverty reduction in Africa and addresses the question of whether Africa is too poor to grow. The findings points to credible evidence that poverty has declined significantly since the 1990s but at a lesser speed than growth in per capita GDP. More importantly, global poverty tends to respond much more strongly to shifts in sector of employment, particularly to increase in employment in the industrial sector, than to increase in mean income. In Africa the closing of the gap in living standars between a large traditional and informal sector and a dynamic modern sector will remain the most effective way to achieve poverty reduction. Challenges of structural transformation and its attendant benefits are discussed using emerging thinking on industrial policies to achieve inclusive growth in Africa.

scholarly journals Conditions De Travail Et De Vie Des Enfants Dans Le Secteur Informel A Abidjan : Cas Des Adolescentes Dans Le Petit Commerce

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (29) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Coulibaly Doppon Ali
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Conditions De Travail ◽  
Secteur Informel ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

This study aims to analyze the working and living conditions of teenagers in the informal sector of the small business in Abidjan. To achieve this goal, the following hypothesis has been formulated: The difficult working and living conditions of adolescent girls in the informal sector favor the development of deviant or marginal behaviors (begging, prostitution, theft, delinquency, violence, etc.). Victimological theories and criminological theories of acting out were used. The methodological approach took into account the documentary research, the inquiry by interview as well as the phenomenological method, the ethnographic method and the dialectic. The study was conducted among 150 respondents. The route technique has been associated with the area technique for the conduct of the field survey. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were used. The results of this research reveal that it is the combination of internal and external factors with households (socio-economic and cultural conditions) that explains the exploitation of children. These factors must be seen simultaneously in the sense that the exploitation of children remains a social and almost structural phenomenon. In this sense, the study reveals the preponderant role of social capital (kinship and other social norms) that has been neglected in the economic analysis of child labor. In fact, by its ambivalence, work participates in material life as well as in social life.

Informal Economies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Aryeetey
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Informal Economies

The expressions, “informal economy,” “informal sector,” and “informal employment” reflect statistical terms and definitions used to describe various aspects of informality. They are the result of several decades of work to develop a framework that adequately represents the multifaceted nature of informality as it applies not only to developing countries, but also to other transition and developed economies. The informal sector is generally viewed as the set of activities of small unregistered enterprises, while informal employment refers to employment within the formal or informal sector that lacks any form of protection, whether legal or social.1 The informal economy is a broader concept that encompasses all of these elements in their different forms, including their outputs and outcomes. The many different views about the drivers and composition of the informal economy in Africa have influenced various prescriptions and policy responses. On the one hand, some have viewed informality as being inimical to investment and growth, given that the activities undertaken usually fall outside of official regulation and control. The policy response has, therefore, often been to clamp down on or formalize the activities and relationships within the informal economy. On the other hand, informality is sometimes viewed as critical for growth and poverty reduction, given that the informal economy is inextricably linked to the formal economy while also serving as an important source of livelihood for millions of people. As a result of this, some effort has recently gone into providing a more supportive environment to enhance productivity within the informal economy and minimize its inherent vulnerabilities in the last decade. In the face of increasing globalization and access to new technologies that will drive the future of work, there is concern about the future of informal economic activities. Whether new technologies lead to a decline or upscaling of the informal economy in Africa will depend on several elements. Technology will not only shape how informality in Africa is viewed, but will influence the kind of activities undertaken, its links with the formal economy, and ultimately, the public policy response, which will itself be shaped by advances in technology.

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