Minor Splicing Factors Zrsr1 and Zrsr2 Essential for Gametogenesis, Early Embryo Development and Conversion of Stem Cells into 2C-Like

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Gómez-Redondo ◽  
Priscila Ramos-Ibeas ◽  
Eva Pericuesta ◽  
Benjamín Planells ◽  
Raul Fernández-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Splicing Factors ◽  
Early Embryo Development

scholarly journals LIN28 coordinately promotes nucleolar/ribosomal functions and represses the 2C-like transcriptional program in pluripotent stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Sun ◽  
Hua Yu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Tianyu Tan ◽  
Hongru Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Transcriptional Program ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Nucleolar Stress

AbstractLIN28 is an RNA binding protein with important roles in early embryo development, stem cell differentiation/reprogramming, tumorigenesis and metabolism. Previous studies have focused mainly on its role in the cytosol where it interacts with Let-7 microRNA precursors or mRNAs, and few have addressed LIN28’s role within the nucleus. Here, we show that LIN28 displays dynamic temporal and spatial expression during murine embryo development. Maternal LIN28 expression drops upon exit from the 2-cell stage, and zygotic LIN28 protein is induced at the forming nucleolus during 4-cell to blastocyst stage development, to become dominantly expressed in the cytosol after implantation. In cultured pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), loss of LIN28 led to nucleolar stress and activation of a 2-cell/4-cell-like transcriptional program characterized by the expression of endogenous retrovirus genes. Mechanistically, LIN28 binds to small nucleolar RNAs and rRNA to maintain nucleolar integrity, and its loss leads to nucleolar phase separation defects, ribosomal stress and activation of P53 which in turn binds to and activates 2C transcription factor Dux. LIN28 also resides in a complex containing the nucleolar factor Nucleolin (NCL) and the transcriptional repressor TRIM28, and LIN28 loss leads to reduced occupancy of the NCL/TRIM28 complex on the Dux and rDNA loci, and thus de-repressed Dux and reduced rRNA expression. Lin28 knockout cells with nucleolar stress are more likely to assume a slowly cycling, translationally inert and anabolically inactive state, which is a part of previously unappreciated 2C-like transcriptional program. These findings elucidate novel roles for nucleolar LIN28 in PSCs, and a new mechanism linking 2C program and nucleolar functions in PSCs and early embryo development.

microRNA regulation of pluripotent state transition

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Hua Wang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Yangming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Pluripotent State

Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and early embryo development. The exact mechanism by which miRNAs regulate cell fate transition during embryo development is still not clear. Recent studies have identified and captured various pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that share similar characteristics with cells from different stages of pre- and post-implantation embryos. These PSCs provide valuable models to understand miRNA functions in early mammalian development. In this short review, we will summarize recent work towards understanding the function and mechanism of miRNAs in regulating the transition or conversion between different pluripotent states. In addition, we will highlight unresolved questions and key future directions related to miRNAs in pluripotent state transition. Studies in these areas will further our understanding of miRNA functions in early embryo development, and may lead to practical means to control human PSCs for clinical applications in regenerative medicine.

97 Function of species-specific OCT4 reporter system during porcine embryo development

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
S.-H. Kim ◽  
M. Lee ◽  
K.-H. Choi ◽  
D.-K. Lee ◽  
J.-N. Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Core Promoter ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Distal Enhancer ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Species Specific

The present study examined the activity and function of pig OCT4 (POU5F1) enhancer in porcine early embryo development. OCT4 is one of the master regulators for the pluripotency of early mammalian embryonic development and embryonic stem cells. It has two regulatory elements: distal enhancer (DE) and proximal enhancer (PE) in the upstream regulatory region. They are activated under different conditions such as naïve and primed. It is known that two enhancers are activated to produce OCT4 simultaneously or sequentially depending on the state of pluripotency. Many porcine OCT4 upstream region-based reporter systems have been reported because this is a necessary part of studying porcine-specific pluripotency. However, the porcine-specific OCT4 reporter system has never been transfected and functionally tested during porcine early embryo development. We performed functional tests of the previously established porcine-specific OCT4 reporter system in the early embryo development stage. Porcine embryos were micro-injected with the pOCT4-ΔPE-eGFP (DE-GFP) containing a distal enhancer and core promoter and pOCT4-ΔDE-DsRed2 (PE-RFP) containing a proximal enhancer and core promoter. They were cultured in PZM-3 at 39°C in a humidified atmosphere, 5% CO2, and 5% O2 for 168h. Fifty of the 100 embryos were injected with OCT4 reporter system as treatment groups and the other 50 were not injected (control groups). We analysed mRNA and protein expression of GFP and RFP using quantitative real-time PCR and confocal microscopy by developmental stages. The introduced reporter system could function beginning with the 4-cell stage. The expression of GFP and RFP was observed simultaneously in the early embryonic development stage up to blastocyst, indicating that porcine OCT4 was produced by distal and proximal enhancers, unlike mouse Oct4 expression, which was only controlled by the distal enhancer during early embryo development. Therefore, the mechanisms and functions of distal and proximal enhancers of porcine OCT4 were different from those of the mouse. This is similar to results of the previous experiment using porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells, which suggest that porcine OCT4 is expressed by two enhancers and in a stage-specific manner during reprogramming and that pigs do not use only one enhancer in pluripotent states, but two enhancers at the same time, and there is only a difference in degree. This work showed that the porcine OCT4 reporter system enables non-destructive analysis during early embryo development and it could be applied to study species-specific pluripotency and to help the establishment of naïve embryonic stem cells in the pig. This work was supported by the BK21 Plus Program, the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (NRF-2019R1C1C1004514), the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET) through the Development of High Value-Added Food Technology Program funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (MAFRA; 118042-03-3-HD020).

scholarly journals Geminin deletion in mouse oocytes results in impaired embryo development and reduced fertility

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Shan Ma ◽  
Fei Lin ◽  
Zhong-Wei Wang ◽  
Meng-Wen Hu ◽  
Lin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Oocyte Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Zygote Stage

Geminin controls proper centrosome duplication, cell division, and differentiation. We investigated the function of geminin in oogenesis, fertilization, and early embryo development by deleting the geminin gene in oocytes from the primordial follicle stage. Oocyte-specific disruption of geminin results in low fertility in mice. Even though there was no evident anomaly of oogenesis, oocyte meiotic maturation, natural ovulation, or fertilization, early embryo development and implantation were impaired. The fertilized eggs derived from mutant mice showed developmental delay, and many were blocked at the late zygote stage. Cdt1 protein was decreased, whereas Chk1 and H2AX phosphorylation was increased, in fertilized eggs after geminin depletion. Our results suggest that disruption of maternal geminin may decrease Cdt1 expression and cause DNA rereplication, which then activates the cell cycle checkpoint and DNA damage repair and thus impairs early embryo development.

scholarly journals The Potential Roles of the G1LEA and G3LEA Proteins in Early Embryo Development and in Response to Low Temperature and High Salinity in Artemia sinica

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0162272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Feng Yao ◽  
Mengchen Zhang ◽  
Ting Jing ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Artemia Sinica ◽  
Early Embryo Development

Early embryo development anomalies identified by time-lapse system: prevalence and impacting factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Ferraretto ◽  
Karima Hammas ◽  
Marie-Astrid Llabador ◽  
Solenne Gricourt ◽  
Julie Labrosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Impacting Factors

Nutritional Status Impacts Epigenetic Regulation in Early Embryo Development: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Cai ◽  
Shuang Quan ◽  
Guangxin Yang ◽  
Meixia Chen ◽  
Qianhong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Early Embryo Development

ABSTRACTWith the increasing maternal age and the use of assisted reproductive technology in various countries worldwide, the influence of epigenetic modification on embryonic development is increasingly notable and prominent. Epigenetic modification disorders caused by various nutritional imbalance would cause embryonic development abnormalities and even have an indelible impact on health in adulthood. In this scoping review, we summarize the main epigenetic modifications in mammals and the synergies among different epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and histone methylation. We performed an in-depth analysis of the regulation of various epigenetic modifications on mammals from zygote formation to cleavage stage and blastocyst stage, and reviewed the modifications of key sites and their potential molecular mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the effects of nutrition (protein, lipids, and one-carbon metabolism) on epigenetic modification in embryos and emphasize the importance of various nutrients in embryonic development and epigenetics during pregnancy. Failures in epigenetic regulation have been implicated in mammalian and human early embryo loss and disease. With the use of reproductive technologies, it is becoming even more important to establish developmentally competent embryos. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the extent to which embryos are sensitive to these epigenetic modifications and nutrition status. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of early embryo development will help us make better use of reproductive technologies and nutrition regulation to improve reproductive health in mammals.

The Effect of CRH and Its Inhibitor, Antalarmin, on in Vitro Growth of Preantral Mouse Follicles, Early Embryo Development, and Steroidogenesis

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dinopoulou ◽  
G. A. Partsinevelos ◽  
D. Mavrogianni ◽  
E. Anagnostou ◽  
P. Drakakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Early Embryo Development
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document