Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Options - A Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashfina Kapadia ◽  
Aditya Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Options

scholarly journals Waste to Energy: A Green Paradigm in Solid Waste Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 764-771
Author(s):  
Mohamad Anis ◽  
Tauseef Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Odor Emission ◽  
Will Force ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Energy Options

The current annual generation of municipal solid waste in India is estimated to be around 42 million tones which will rise rapidly with population growth, urbanization and improving living standards of people. The municipal solid waste (MSW) generation ranges from 0.25 to 0.66 kg/person/day with an average of 0.45 kg/person/day. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries. Most of the wastes generated find their way into land and water bodies. Without proper treatment, these wastes emit gases like Methane (CH4), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) etc, resulting in bad odor, emission of green house gases and increase in air and water pollution. This problem can be significantly mitigated through adoption of environment-friendly waste-to-energy technologies for the treatment and processing of wastes before disposal. It will not only reduce the quantity of wastes but also generate substantial quantity of energy. India at present is the world’s fifth biggest energy consumer and is predicted to surpass Japan and Russia to take the third place by 2030. Indian economy has shown a robust growth of around 8% in recent years and is trying to sustain this growth in order to reach goals of poverty alleviation. To achieve the required level of growth, India will need to at least triple its primary energy supply and quintuple its electrical capacity. This will force India, which already imports a majority of its oil, to look beyond its borders for energy resources. In India waste-to-energy has a potential of generating 1700 MW per person and this is scheduled to increase when more types of waste would be encompassed. At present hardly 50 MW power is being generated through waste-to-energy options. Waste combustion provides integrated solutions to the problems of the modern era by: recovering otherwise lost energy and thereby reducing our use of precious natural resources; by cutting down our emissions of greenhouse gases; and by both saving valuable land that would otherwise be destined to become landfill and recovering land once sacrificed to the products of consumerism. This paper focuses to present waste to energy as a green and sustainable solution of solid waste problem vis-à-vis its importance as renewable source of energy.

Municipal solid waste-to-energy processing for a circular economy in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 111080
Author(s):  
M.T. Munir ◽  
Ahmad Mohaddespour ◽  
A.T. Nasr ◽  
Susan Carter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Processing

Comparison of trace element mobility from MSWI ash before and after plasma vitrification

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110115
Author(s):  
Wesley N Oehmig ◽  
Justin Roessler ◽  
Abdul Mulla Saleh ◽  
Kyle A Clavier ◽  
Christopher C Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Plasma Arc ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Trace Element Mobility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Air Pollution Control Residues

A common perception of plasma arc treatment systems for municipal solid waste incineration ash is that the resulting vitrified slag is inert from an environmental perspective. Research was conducted to examine this hypothesis and to assess whether reduced pollutant release results from pollutant depletion during the process of the ash with plasma, or encapsulation in the glassy vitrified matrix. The concentrations of four discrete municipal solid waste incineration ash samples before and after plasma arc vitrification in a bench-scale unit were compared. Slag and untreated ash samples were leached using several standardized approaches and mobility among the four metals of interest (e.g. As, Cd, Pb and Sb) varied across samples, but was generally high (as high as 100% for Cd). Comparison across methods did not indicate substantial encapsulation in the vitrified slag, which suggests that reduced pollutant release from plasma arc vitrified slag is due to pollutant depletion by volatilization, not encapsulation. This has significant implications for the management of air pollution control residues from waste-to-energy facilities using plasma arc vitrification.

scholarly journals A Techno-Economic Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Conversion to Energy in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7232
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mufti Azis ◽  
Jonas Kristanto ◽  
Chandra Wahyu Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Sensitive Factor

Municipal solid waste (MSW) processing is still problematic in Indonesia. From the hierarchy of waste management, it is clear that energy recovery from waste could be an option after prevention and the 5R (rethink, refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle) processes. The Presidential Regulation No 35/2018 mandated the acceleration of waste-to-energy (WtE) plant adoption in Indonesia. The present study aimed to demonstrate a techno-economic evaluation of a commercial WtE plant in Indonesia by processing 1000 tons of waste/day to produce ca. 19.7 MW of electricity. The WtE electricity price is set at USD 13.35 cent/kWh, which is already higher than the average household price at USD 9.76 cent/kWh. The capital investment is estimated at USD 102.2 million. The annual operational cost is estimated at USD 12.1 million and the annual revenue at USD 41.6 million. At this value, the internal rate of return (IRR) for the WtE plant is 25.32% with a payout time (PoT) of 3.47 years. In addition, this study also takes into account electricity price sales, tipping fee, and pretreatment cost of waste. The result of a sensitivity analysis showed that the electricity price was the most sensitive factor. This study reveals that it is important to maintain a regulated electricity price to ensure the sustainability of the WtE plant in Indonesia.

A novel transdisciplinary paradigm for municipal solid waste to energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 880-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Sayed Shah Danish ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu ◽  
Hameedullah Zaheb ◽  
Najib Rahman Sabory ◽  
Abdul Matin Ibrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste To Energy

Numerical Analysis of Size Reduction of Municipal Solid Waste Particles on the Traveling Grate of a Waste-to-Energy Combustion Chamber

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Nakamura ◽  
Marco J. Castaldi ◽  
Nickolas J. Themelis
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Shrinking Core ◽  
Waste Particles

The size reduction of municipal solid waste (MSW) particles on the reverse acting traveling grate of a waste-to-energy (WTE) combustion chamber was estimated by means of a numerical model combining the particle size distributions (PSD) of MSW and combustion residues and the Shrinking Core Model (SCM). This new integrated model was used to simulate the particle behavior on the grate. During their travel on the moving grate, the sizes of the particles are reduced by combustion, breakage, and compaction. This study shows the calculation of the particle size change using this model and comparison of the numerically derived PSDs of MSW and ash particles with experimental data. There is good agreement between calculated and measured values.

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