scholarly journals Wage Inequality and the Labour Market in Argentina: Labour Institutions, Supply and Demand in the Period 1980-99

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Waisgrais
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Supply And Demand

scholarly journals ПРОФЕСІЙНЕ НАВЧАННЯ БЕЗРОБІТНИХ НА СУЧАСНОМУ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ ЯК ЧАСТИНА СТАНОВЛЕННЯ БРЕНДИНГУ ОСВІТИ

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Олена В. Птащенко ◽  
Юлія М. Тер-Карапетянц
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
The Unemployed

To ensure success in promoting entrepreneurship among the unemployed it is critical to provide effective government support for those citizens who wish to start their own business, create favourable environment, including relevant financial, lending, tax policies, etc. Apparently, due to inconsistent SME legislation, high tax burden, uncertainty in business development, the effectiveness of vocational entrepreneurial training for the unemployed remains low. The paper provides an overview of unemployment rate by age along with the analysis of contemporary labour market trends in the context of implementating specific technology of vocational training for the unemployed. The research findings evidence that rapid technological changes challenge dramatic effects globally, thus triggering the need for totally new skills and professions. This situation in the labour market drives a particular focus to the latest learning technology advances, education marketing development, designing study programs for employable population of Ukraine to ensure new skills and competences building. Recent dramatic changes in Ukraine’s education system, further evolution of education services market and progressive marketing learning technologies implementation contribute to transforming education into a growing and promising sector of the economy which year by year increase the size of supply and demand for education services. Currently, the education services market as a public sphere drives media to establish and maintain strong and close relationships between its participants. In conclusion it is emphasized that modern institutions of higher education cannot be imagined without mediated patterns and diverse forms of communication as well as special tools to enhance communication between its various actors.

DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEES' MOVEMENT BETWEEN LABOUR MARKET SEGMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 572-573 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Łukasz Arendt ◽  
Wojciech Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Sectoral Differences ◽  
Binary Choice Model

The paper studies upgrading patterns between secondary and primary segments in Polish labour market, with reference to the Segmented Labour Market theory. The type of contact (permanent vs. fixed-term) and wage distribution were used within one framework to define these labour segments. The parameters of binary choice model, based on Labour Force Survey microdata, were estimated to calculate the probabilities of shift from secondary to primary segment, and to identify supply and demand-side determinants of this upgrading. The results are, in general, in line with the trap hypothesis, pointing out to limited chances of upward shift from secondary to primary labour segment. However, this upward mobility has increased in recent years, being a result of changes in real (measured by lowering unemployment rate) and institutional sphere of the Polish labour market. Individual’s age, education attainment, propensity to invest in human capital, as well as the size of an enterprise appeared to be the most important divers of inter-segments upgrading. Moreover, regional as well as sectoral differences in probability of upgrading were identified – this probability was higher in the case of workers living in regions with large agglomerations and close proximity to the German labour market.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons on building more equal and sustainable societies

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin van Barneveld ◽  
Michael Quinlan ◽  
Peter Kriesler ◽  
Anne Junor ◽  
Fran Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Sustainable Societies ◽  
First Nations People

This discussion paper by a group of scholars across the fields of health, economics and labour relations argues that COVID-19 is an unprecedented humanitarian crisis from which there can be no return to the ‘old normal’. The pandemic’s disastrous worldwide health impacts have been exacerbated by, and have compounded, the unsustainability of economic globalisation based on the neoliberal dismantling of state capabilities in favour of markets. Flow-on economic impacts have simultaneously created major supply and demand disruptions, and highlighted the growing within-country inequalities and precarity generated by neoliberal regimes of labour market regulation. Taking an Australian and international perspective, we examine these economic and labour market impacts, paying particular attention to differential impacts on First Nations people, developing countries, women, immigrants and young people. Evaluating policy responses in a political climate of national and international leadership very different from those in which major twentieth century crises were addressed, we argue the need for a national and international conversation to develop a new pathway out of crisis. JEL Codes: E18, HO, I1, J64, J88

Economic competencies and situation-specific commercial competencies: Reflections on conceptualization and measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Seeber
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
And Training

From a societal perspective, vocational education and training must enable young adults to meet the challenges of the labour market in a globalized world, reduce the mismatch of supply and demand of qualifications (e.g. youth unemployment leading to disadvantages for individuals, society and national economies) and improve social cohesion. From an individual perspective, vocational education and training should develop young adults’ vocational competencies, support their individual personality development and their integration into the labour market and society, help secure their livelihood and enable them to lead self-determined lives as citizens. Therefore, the assessment of competencies obtained in vocational education and training programmes has emerged as a critical issue to develop workforces and the capacity for life-long learning and to foster civic participation as a responsible citizen. This article provides some insights into the modelling and measurement of competencies in vocational education and training, where occupational and cross-occupational competencies are necessary to cope with the requirements of workplaces, as a responsible citizen and in private life. In this article, cross-occupational economic competencies and occupation-specific commercial competencies in the area of business and administration are discussed. Both constructs are based on economic theories, concepts and central terms; nevertheless, the situation-specific context and requirements may vary substantially. Thus, different approaches to define and measure both constructs seem to be necessary.

scholarly journals Expectations of employers on the example of Słupsk local labour market (with the particular emphasis on the need for geographical competences)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Paulina Szmielińska-Pietraszek ◽  
Wioletta Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Geographic Knowledge ◽  
Basic Characteristics

AbstractOn today's labour markets, the basic characteristics of the quality of the labour force is knowledge, qualifications, skills and experience possessed by it. Today, employers are looking for employees with high interpersonal competences, manners, responsible, hard-working, independent, honest and having the ability to learn quickly. For this, as an asset, they add the higher education, preferably directional, creativity and experience. The taken research area is characterized by economic lag in comparison with Gdańsk agglomeration area, as well as with other regions. In the article the reference was made to the declared needs of employers towards future employees, based on interviews conducted in 101 entities of the city of Słupsk and Słupsk county. The main aim of the research was to determine the usefulness of geographic knowledge for the local labour market. And thus indicating the possibility of increasing the attractiveness of geographical graduates in the labour market. Among the needs of employers of Słupsk labour market in accordance with the overall national trend, there is a large deficit of soft competencies, but also, among others, the gap typically professional related to information technology and engineering skills have been diagnosed. There has been a large gap identified in the ability to apply the knowledge (academic) in practical activities, which is called by the employers 'the professional experience'. In contrast, the studies on the usefulness of (the attractiveness of the labour market) competencies that are possible to learn while studying geography, showed the particular importance, valuable for the modern labour market skills of searching, collecting and processing of information. Currently in Poland, even in conditions of high unemployment existing mismatch between qualification and professional structure of supply and demand for labour can be observed. In the labour market, the presence is noted at the same time, the deficit and surplus professions and employers tend to have difficulty in recruiting people with specific skills and vocational skills. Not innovative small entities (which predominate in the structure of entities, inter alia, in Słupsk local labour market) are not able to take over the education of strictly professional competences due to a lack of capital. The role of practical education courses for universities is visible here. They are accumulating equipment and supplies for practical training which may in a flexible way try to respond to changing economic conditions.

An Economic Approach to Teacher Loss and Retention

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Selby Smith
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Salary Structure ◽  
Australian Education ◽  
Career Structure

In the late 1960's the imbalance between the supply and demand for teacher services was fundamental to the problems of Australian education. This article outlines an analytical framework which helps in understanding some important features of that imbalance. The paper comes to three main conclusions: that high levels of teacher resignation were probably a rational response to the conditions governing their recruitment and the level and career structure of their earnings; that if resignation rates for teachers are to be reduced in a full employment labour market, changes are required in their salary structure and career prospects; and that the statistical data available on a consistent national basis are seriously inadequate for satisfactory economic analysis.

Recent shifts in wage inequality and the wage returns to education in Britain

1998 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Machin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Wage Returns ◽  
Relative Demand ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Demand Shifts

In this article I consider shifts in the structure of wages in Britain between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s. In the 1990s the rising gap between the highest and lowest paid was either stable or rose a little, but by nowhere near as much as in the 1980s. This seems to be, at least partially, due to the fact that faster educational upgrading has dampened down some of the rising wage differentials experienced by the more educated. However, demand still seems to be shifting in favour of the more highly educated and skilled because, despite the fact that there are many more workers with higher educational qualifications, their wages relative to other groups have not fallen. Finally, I argue that relative demand shifts in favour of the more educated and skilled are still more pronounced in more technologically advanced industries. This is in line with the notion, like much of the evidence based on industry demand shifts in the 1970s and 1980s, that technology is key to changes in labour market inequality.

scholarly journals Hacia un nuevo modelo de inserción laboral de los inmigrantes

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Hernández Pedreño ◽  
Diego Pascual López Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dual Perspective ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
New Strategies

Introducción: El mercado de trabajo en España ha sufrido significativos cambios como consecuencia de la actual crisis económica. El efecto sobre el colectivo inmigrante se manifiesta desde el lado de la oferta y de la demanda, pues afloran nuevas estrategias en los trabajadores extranjeros y diferentes preferencias de contratación desde el empresariado. Estas pautas sugieren la aparición de un nuevo modelo de inserción laboral de la mano de obra extranjera en el contexto español.Método: A partir de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas se analiza en la Región de Murcia y en España la evolución de la situación laboral de los trabajadores inmigrantes. El análisis cuantitativo se fundamenta en la explotación estadística de varias fuentes de información sobre el mercado de trabajo nacional y regional. El análisis cualitativo se ha nutrido de once entrevistas en profundidad en las que se incluye a trabajadores extranjeros y a representantes del mundo empresarial.Resultados: Desde el marco teórico de la segmentación laboral se identifican las nuevas bases en las que se asientan las relaciones laborales tras la crisis económica, ofreciendo desde una doble visión (cuantitativa y cualitativa) las nuevas pautas que configuran la actual inserción laboral de los extranjeros en España. Así, además de verificar la tendencia hacia el cambio de modelo a nivel estadístico, se aportan los discursos de trabajadores inmigrantes y empresarios españoles que lo ratifican.Discusión o Conclusión: El análisis pone de manifiesto la afluencia de nuevas estrategias de inserción laboral según nacionalidad (modelo emergente), caracterizadas por diferentes pautas de competencia, sustitución y complementariedad; derivadas del propio proceso de integración socio-laboral de los inmigrantes y del devenir de la crisis económica, que coloca a los extranjeros en nuevas posiciones sociales. Un modelo alejado en algunos aspectos del modelo inicial (tradicional), donde predominaba la complementariedad laboral entre españoles y extranjeros y, en menor medida, la competencia. Introduction: As a result of the current economic crisis, the Spanish labour market has undergone significant changes. Immigrants have been affected in terms of the supply and demand given that employers are using new strategies and different contracting preferences for foreign workers. These guidelines suggest the emergence of a new model for the insertion of immigrants into the Spanish labour market.Method: Based on both qualitative and quantitative techniques, an analysis of the evolution of the current labour situation of immigrants has been carried out as regards the Region of Murcia and Spain. The quantitative analysis is based on the statistical use of several information resources regarding the national and regional labour markets. For the qualitative analysis, eleven in depth interviews have been held with foreign workers and representatives of the business world.Results: From the theoretical framework of the labour segmentation, the new bases, on which labour relationships are established following the financial crisis, have been identified. These bases offer a dual perspective (quantitative and qualitative) of the new guidelines that establish the current insertion of foreign citizens into the Spanish labour market. Thus, apart from the verification of the trend toward paradigm shift on a statistical level, we include the opinions of immigrant workers and Spanish employers confirming this.Discussion or Conclusion: The analysis reveals the existence of new strategies for insertion into the labour market according to nationality (emerging model) characterised by different patterns of competition, replacement and complementarity. These new guidelines are the result of the social and labour integration process of immigrants and the evolution of the economic crisis which gives foreign workers a new social status. An emerging model which, in some aspects, is far from the original model (traditional) where the labour complementarity between Spanish and foreign citizens was dominant and, to a lesser extent, competition.

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