Does Bankruptcy Risk Increase Value? Puzzles and Diversification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Altieri ◽  
Giovanna Nicodano
Keyword(s):  
Bankruptcy Risk ◽  
Risk Increase

Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Giulia Grande ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Petter L.S. Ljungman ◽  
Massimo Stafoggia ◽  
Tom Bellander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
National Study ◽  
Piecewise Regression ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Restricted Cubic Splines

Background: A growing but contrasting evidence relates air pollution to cognitive decline. The role of cerebrovascular diseases in amplifying this risk is unclear. Objectives: 1) Investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and cognitive decline; 2) Test whether cerebrovascular diseases amplify this association. Methods: We examined 2,253 participants of the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). One major air pollutant (particulate matter ≤2.5μm, PM2.5) was assessed yearly from 1990, using dispersion models for outdoor levels at residential addresses. The speed of cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) was estimated as the rate of MMSE decline (linear mixed models) and further dichotomized into the upper (25%fastest cognitive decline), versus the three lower quartiles. The cognitive scores were used to calculate the odds of fast cognitive decline per levels of PM2.5 using regression models and considering linear and restricted cubic splines of 10 years exposure before the baseline. The potential modifier effect of cerebrovascular diseases was tested by adding an interaction term in the model. Results: We observed an inverted U-shape relationship between PM2.5 and cognitive decline. The multi-adjusted piecewise regression model showed an increased OR of fast cognitive decline of 81%(95%CI = 1.2–3.2) per interquartile range difference up to mean PM2.5 level (8.6μg/m3) for individuals older than 80. Above such level we observed no further risk increase (OR = 0.89;95%CI = 0.74–1.06). The presence of cerebrovascular diseases further increased such risk by 6%. Conclusion: Low to mean PM2.5 levels were associated with higher risk of accelerated cognitive decline. Cerebrovascular diseases further amplified such risk.

scholarly journals New findings on iron absorption conditioning factors

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rute Cândida Pereira ◽  
Alcides da Silva Diniz ◽  
Luiz Oscar Cardoso Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Intake Regulation ◽  
The Impact

The authors focus iron intake regulation in the body and the probable mechanisms related to iron absorption. They analyze the impact of iron absorption deficiency resulting in iron deficiency anemia, a public health issue of great impact in the world influencing child and maternal health risk increase. This paper aims at highlighting the problems affecting the uptake or inhibiting processes of iron absorption in an attempt to correlate information on conditioning factors and current findings. This study is a document based descriptive study comprising literature review. In food, iron has different forms, such as the heme and non-heme forms following different absorption pathways with different efficiency rates, depending on conditioning factors, such as diet profile, physiological aspects, iron chemical state, absorption regulation, transportation, storing, excretion and the presence of disease, They also discuss the current difficulties in dealing with iron nutritional deficiency in vulnerable groups, children and pregnant women, and focus data on iron consumption, adhesion to breast feeding and the frequency of prenatal care visits.

scholarly journals Coronary Revascularization and Postoperative Outcomes in People With and Without Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Vu ◽  
Marjaana Koponen ◽  
Heidi Taipale ◽  
Raimo Kettunen ◽  
Sirpa Hartikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Postoperative Outcomes ◽  
Hospital District ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Matched Comparison

Abstract Background Little is known on the incidence and postoperative outcomes of revascularizations according to electivity in persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods The Medication Use and Alzheimer’s disease (MEDALZ) cohort includes 70 718 community dwellers diagnosed with incident AD during 2005–2011 in Finland. For each person with AD, 1–4 age-, sex-, and hospital district-matched comparison persons without AD were identified. Altogether 448 persons with AD and 5909 without AD underwent revascularization during the follow-up. The outcomes were 30-day and 90-day re-admission rate after discharge, and all-cause 1-year and 3-year mortality. Risk of outcomes in persons with AD were compared to those without AD using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted with age, sex, comorbidities, statin use, revascularization type, length of stay, and support at discharge. Result People with AD had less revascularizations (adjusted hazard ratio 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.22–0.27). Emergency procedures were more common (42.6% vs 33.1%) than elective procedures (34.2% vs 48.6%) among people with AD. There was no difference in 30-day readmissions (0.97, 0.80–1.17) or 1-year mortality (1.04, 0.75–1.42) and 90 days readmission risk was lower in persons with AD (0.85, 0.74–0.98). People with AD had higher 3-year mortality (1.42, 1.15–1.74), but the risk increase was observed only for emergency (1.71, 1.27–2.31), not for elective procedures (0.96, 0.63–1.46). Conclusion People with AD did not have worse readmission and mortality outcomes following elective revascularization. These findings in conjunction with lower revascularization rate especially for elective procedures raise questions on the threshold for elective procedures in people with AD.

A Difference in Mortality Rate and Incidence of Kernicterus Among Premature Infants Allotted to Two Prophylactic Antibacterial Regimens, by William A. Silverman, et al, Pediatrics, 1956;18:614–624

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
John C. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postmortem Blood ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
To Receive

Background. Low birth-weight (LBW) infants have a high incidence of serious infections. These are difficult to diagnose early. Thus, prophylactic treatment with antibiotics appears to be rational, but the best choice of antibiotics is uncertain. Objective. In newborn LBW infants, to compare the effects on death rate and principal findings at necropsy of two prophylactic antibacterial regimens, oxytetracycline (OT) versus penicillin/sulfisoxazole (P/S). Methods. Consecutively admitted LBW infants (N = 193) were randomly assigned, within three birth-weight strata, to receive either subcutaneous 0T or a combination of P/S. The primary outcomes were death before 120 hours, death before 28 days, and principal diagnoses at necropsy. Results. Infants allocated to P/S had a large and statistically significant increase in death rate, determined up to 120 hours (OT, 20.6%; P/S, 48.4%; absolute risk increase, 27.8%) and up to 28 days (0T, 27.8%; P/S, 63.2%; absolute risk increase, 35.3%). This increase in deaths was not attributable to death from infection; the incidence of positive postmortem blood culture results was lower in the P/S group, and there was no significant difference between groups in the incidence of pneumonia or other infections at necropsy. However, in the P/S group, there was a large, unexpected, and statistically significant increase in the finding of kernicterus at necropsy among necropsied deaths occurring up to 120 hours (0T, 6.3%; P/S 36.4%; absolute risk increase 30.1%) and up to 28 days (0T, 4.5%; P/S, 43.2%; absolute risk increase, 38.7%). Conclusions. Infants who received P/S died at a significantly higher rate and had a higher rate of kernicterus at necropsy than those who received OT. The mechanism of the differences observed in rates of mortality and death with kernicterus is unknown.

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