Bacterial Species of Gut Microbiota are Identified to Be Associated with FOLFOX Treatment in Low-Set Rectal Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingtao Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Na Lyu ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Bacterial Species

scholarly journals Composition of fecal microbiota in low-set rectal cancer patients treated with FOLFOX

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204062232090429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Jingtao Li ◽  
Na Lyu ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Nonresponder Group

Background: FOLFOX treatment is a method used widely to reduce tumor size in low-set rectal cancer, with variable clinical results. FOLFOX agents comprise a mixture of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil, the efficacy of which might be modulated by the gut microbiome in humans. This study aimed to determine whether the bowel microbiota is a factor that influences FOLFOX treatment. Methods: To investigate the role of gut microbiota during FOLFOX treatment, we carried out comprehensive metagenomic and metabolomic analyses on 62 fecal samples collected from 37 low-set rectal cancer patients. A set of 31 samples was collected before the patients underwent treatment; another 31 samples were obtained after the treatment was completed. Among these samples, 50 were paired samples collected before and after FOLFOX treatment. The patients were divided into responder and nonresponder groups according to the treatment outcome. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on these fecal samples. Diverse bacterial taxa were identified by MetaGeneMark, Soapaligner, and DIAMOND; microbiotal data analyses were carried out in the R environment. Differences in microbial taxa and metagenomic linkage groups were observed in multiple comparative analyses. Results: The gut microbiota was altered after treatment. Compared with before treatment, the changes in bacterial diversity and microbiotal composition after treatment were more apparent in the responder group than in the nonresponder group. Bacterial species analysis revealed a group of gut bacteria in multiple comparisons, with a group of eight specific species being associated with the outcome of FOLFOX treatment. Responders and nonresponders before treatment were clearly separated based on this bacterial subset. Finally, the metagenomic linkage group network and metabolomic analyses based on the genomic data confirmed a more significant change in the gut microbiota during FOLFOX treatment in the responder group than in the nonresponder group. Conclusions: Overall, our results describe a dynamic process of gut microbiotal changes from the start to the end of FOLFOX treatment, and verified a close relationship between microbiota and treatment outcome. Recognition of the significance of microbiotal intervention before FOLFOX treatment for low-set rectal cancer may improve the effects of these agents.

Gut microbiota and fatigue in rectal cancer patients: a cross-sectional pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velda J. González-Mercado ◽  
Jean Lim ◽  
Sara Marrero ◽  
Elsa Pedro ◽  
Leorey N. Saligan
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Gut microbiota perturbation is associated with acute sleep disturbance among rectal cancer patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velda J. González‐Mercado ◽  
Anujit Sarkar ◽  
Frank J. Penedo ◽  
Josué Pérez‐Santiago ◽  
Susan McMillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Cancer Patients

Utility of EUS to identify the effective responders from rectal cancer patients who receive neo-adjuvant chemotherapy

Endoscopy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (S 03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Xiaoyin ◽  
Guo Xuegang ◽  
Wang Xin ◽  
Du Jianjun ◽  
Zhao Qingchuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Substrate use prioritization by a coculture of five species of gut bacteria fed mixtures of arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, β-glucan, and pectin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Liu ◽  
AL Heath ◽  
B Galland ◽  
N Rehrer ◽  
L Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

© 2020 American Society for Microbiology. Dietary fiber provides growth substrates for bacterial species that belong to the colonic microbiota of humans. The microbiota degrades and ferments substrates, producing characteristic short-chain fatty acid profiles. Dietary fiber contains plant cell wall-associated polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins) that are chemically diverse in composition and structure. Thus, depending on plant sources, dietary fiber daily presents the microbiota with mixtures of plant polysaccharides of various types and complexity. We studied the extent and preferential order in which mixtures of plant polysaccharides (arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, β-glucan, and pectin) were utilized by a coculture of five bacterial species (Bacteroides ovatus, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, Megasphaera elsdenii, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Veillonella parvula). These species are members of the human gut microbiota and have the biochemical capacity, collectively, to degrade and ferment the polysaccharides and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). B. ovatus utilized glycans in the order β-glucan, pectin, xyloglucan, and arabinoxylan, whereas B. longum subsp. longum utilization was in the order arabinoxylan, arabinan, pectin, and β-glucan. Propionate, as a proportion of total SCFAs, was augmented when polysaccharide mixtures contained galactan, resulting in greater succinate production by B. ovatus and conversion of succinate to propionate by V. parvula. Overall, we derived a synthetic ecological community that carries out SCFA production by the common pathways used by bacterial species for this purpose. Systems like this might be used to predict changes to the emergent properties of the gut ecosystem when diet is altered, with the aim of beneficially affecting human physiology. This study addresses the question as to how bacterial species, characteristic of the human gut microbiota, collectively utilize mixtures of plant polysaccharides such as are found in dietary fiber. Five bacterial species with the capacity to degrade polymers and/or produce acidic fermentation products detectable in human feces were used in the experiments. The bacteria showed preferential use of certain polysaccharides over others for growth, and this influenced their fermentation output qualitatively. These kinds of studies are essential in developing concepts of how the gut microbial community shares habitat resources, directly and indirectly, when presented with mixtures of polysaccharides that are found in human diets. The concepts are required in planning dietary interventions that might correct imbalances in the functioning of the human microbiota so as to support measures to reduce metabolic conditions such as obesity.

Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Dietary Phytochemicals as a Novel Anti-infective Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan K. Mujawdiya ◽  
Suman Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gut Microbes

: Quorum Sensing (QS) is a phenomenon in which bacterial cells communicate with each other with the help of several low molecular weight compounds. QS is largely dependent on population density, and it triggers when the concentration of quorum sensing molecules accumulate in the environment and crosses a particular threshold. Once a certain population density is achieved and the concentration of molecules crosses a threshold, the bacterial cells show a collective behavior in response to various chemical stimuli referred to as “auto-inducers”. The QS signaling is crucial for several phenotypic characteristics responsible for bacterial survival such as motility, virulence, and biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is also responsible for making bacterial cells resistant to antibiotics. : The human gut is home to trillions of bacterial cells collectively called “gut microbiota” or “gut microbes”. Gut microbes are a consortium of more than 15,000 bacterial species and play a very crucial role in several body functions such as metabolism, development and maturation of the immune system, and the synthesis of several essential vitamins. Due to its critical role in shaping human survival and its modulating impact on body metabolisms, the gut microbial community has been referred to as “the forgotten organ” by O`Hara et al. (2006) [1]. Several studies have demonstrated that chemical interaction between the members of bacterial cells in the gut is responsible for shaping the overall microbial community. : Recent advances in phytochemical research have generated a lot of interest in finding new, effective, and safer alternatives to modern chemical-based medicines. In the context of antimicrobial research various plant extracts have been identified with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory (QSI) activities among bacterial cells. This review focuses on the mechanism of quorum sensing and quorum sensing inhibitors isolated from natural sources.

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