J M Keynes, Not R Kahn, Created and Developed the Logical Theory of the Multiplier in the General Theory in 1936 Based on His a Treatise on Probability Exposition in 1921: Kahn’s Contribution in the General Theory Was an Applied One, Not a Theoretical One

PRAGMATISM AND PROBABILITY: RE-EXAMINING KEYNES’S THINKING ON PROBABILITY

Journal of the History of Economic Thought ◽

10.1017/s1053837221000365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 619-632

Author(s):

Bradley W. Bateman

Keyword(s):

General Theory ◽

Logical Theory ◽

Subjective Theory

As we celebrate the centenary of John Maynard Keynes’s Treatise on Probability (1921), we are still faced with unresolved, fundamental questions about his foray into the philosophy of probability. One of these unresolved questions concerns whether Keynes (1931) later changed his mind in response to intense criticism from Frank Ramsey (1922, 1931) and abandoned the logical theory of probability. This essay draws from Cheryl Misak’s recent biography of Frank Ramsey (2020) to argue that Ramsey had an even wider influence on Keynes’s work than has been recognized, and that this influence was not just on his philosophy of probability but also on his economics. Understood in this fuller context, it seems even more clear that Keynes embraced and built upon Ramsey’s subjective theory of probability in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936).

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Aristotle on the Disciplines of Argument: Rhetoric, Dialectic, Analytic

Rhetorica A Journal of the History of Rhetoric ◽

10.1525/rh.2007.25.1.87 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 87-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James Allen

Keyword(s):

General Theory ◽

Late Development ◽

Logical Theory ◽

The Subject

Abstract According to an argument made by other authors, analytic—the formal logical theory of the categorical syllogism expounded in the Prior Analytics—is a relatively late development in Aristotle's thinking about argument. As a general theory of validity, it served as the master discipline of argument in Aristotle's mature thought about the subject. The object of this paper is to explore his early conception of the relations between the argumentative disciplines. Its principal thesis, based chiefly on evidence about the relation between dialectic and rhetoric, is that before the advent of analytic dialectic played a double role. It was both the art or discipline of one practice of argumentation and the master discipline of argument to which other disciplines turned for their understanding of the fundamentals of argument.

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Extreme self-sacrifice beyond fusion: Moral expansiveness and the special case of allyship

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001620 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Crimston ◽

Matthew J. Hornsey

Keyword(s):

General Theory ◽

Biological Markers ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Relevant Dimension ◽

Special Case

AbstractAs a general theory of extreme self-sacrifice, Whitehouse's article misses one relevant dimension: people's willingness to fight and die in support of entities not bound by biological markers or ancestral kinship (allyship). We discuss research on moral expansiveness, which highlights individuals’ capacity to self-sacrifice for targets that lie outside traditional in-group markers, including racial out-groups, animals, and the natural environment.

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