Bank Competition, Risk Taking, and Their Consequences: Evidence from the U.S. Mortgage and Labor Markets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Feng
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Bank Competition ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals The Effect of Career Decisions on Entrepreneurial Intention Levels of University Students Studying Sport Sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4a) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Kadir Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
University Students ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Practical Implications

This study investigates the entrepreneurial intention levels and career decisions of a sample of 340 university students studying sport sciences. Entrepreneurship refers to a career-related choice that is driven by a risk-taking and innovation imperative. Entrepreneurs of the future are expected to make their career related choices well before they move into labor markets. In this context, this study attempts to designate young adults’ entrepreneurial intentions which are considered to be highly related with their career decisions. The study also tests the potential effects of career decisions on entrepreneurial intentions. The findings of the study evidence the significant effect of conscious career choice on entrepreneurial propensity. A blind career choice is found to be also correlated with entrepreneurial intentions, albeit less so than the conscious career choice. The environmental factors subscale of career choice proves to be insignificant in terms of entrepreneurial propensity within the scope of this study’s sample group. Findings are discussed with a view to practical implications.

scholarly journals The Economic Underpinnings of the Drug Epidemic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
State Level ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Drug Deaths ◽  
Overdose Deaths ◽  
The U.S

U.S. labor markets have experienced transformative change over the past half century. Spurred on by global economic change, robotization, and the decline of labor unions, state labor markets have shifted away from an occupational regime dominated by the production of goods to one characterized by the provision of services. Prior studies have proposed that deterioration of employment opportunities may be associated with the rise of substance use disorders and drug overdose deaths, yet no clear link between changes in labor market dynamics in the U.S. manufacturing sector and drug overdose deaths has been established. Using restricted-use vital registration records between 1999-2017 that comprise over 700,000 drug deaths, I test two questions. First, what is the association between manufacturing decline and drug and opioid overdose mortality rates? Second, how much of the increase in these drug-related outcomes can be accounted for by manufacturing decline? The findings provide strong evidence that restructuring of the U.S. labor market has played an important upstream role in the current drug crisis. Up to 77,000 overdose deaths for men and up to 40,000 overdose deaths for women are attributable to the decline of state-level manufacturing over this nearly two-decade period. These results persist in models that adjust for other social, economic, and policy trends changing at the same time, including the supply of prescription opioids. Critically, the findings signal the value of policy interventions that aim to reduce persistent economic precarity experienced by individuals and communities, especially the economic strain placed upon the middle class.

Implementation of sustainable public procurement practices and policies: A sorting framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Prier ◽  
Edward Schwerin ◽  
Clifford P. McCue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Organizational Size ◽  
Current State ◽  
Systematic Pattern ◽  
The U.S

In general, there are many disincentives standing in the way of promoting change in public procurement practices by government agencies. Because engaging in sustainable purchasing requires some level of entrepreneurialism and risk-taking, a sorting framework is adopted to gauge whether some organizations are systematically more likely to pursue sustainable public purchasing (SPP) efforts than others. One-way analysis of variance and other methods are applied to a survey of public procurement practitioners across over 300 governments in the U.S. Results strongly suggest that agencies of various scope and reach tend to abstain from aggressively pursuing SPP efforts. However, when they do employ SPP, these efforts tend to be quite variable across and within levels of government and organizational size. In an effort to bridge theory with empirical data, a strong case can be made that the current state of SPP in the United States is the result of random and very cautious experimentation with little systematic pattern to SPP adoption.

The Demand for Immigrant Workers: Labor Scarcity or Social Control?

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Craig Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
The U.S

Recent analyses of the economic role of immigrant workers from Mexico in U.S. labor markets have been advanced from two divergent interpretations—a labor scarcity argument and a social control thesis. This article analyzes the two perspectives, finding little evidence to support the labor scarcity argument. Immigrant workers are instead argued to be tied to social control functions in the peripheral sectors of the U.S. economy. Detail from the historical experience of farm workers in Southwestern agriculture are drawn upon to illustrate the argument.

The Benefits and Liabilities of Risk-Taking Propensity and Confidence at the U.S. Military Academy

2020 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2097337
Author(s):  
Hillary S. Schaefer ◽  
Andrew G. Farina ◽  
Dave I. Cotting ◽  
Eliot S. Proctor ◽  
Cheveso L. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Risk Takers ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

The military environment presents an intersection between a setting featuring unavoidable risk and individual risk-taking propensity; prior work suggests risk-takers have positive and negative outcomes here, and messaging about risk-taking in the military is mixed. The current study used social identity theory to examine how self-reported risk propensity related to three identities/outcomes among cadets at the U.S. Military Academy: attributes of an archetypal “Model Soldier” (physical and military excellence), “Model Student” (grade point average, service positions, and behavior), and Military Values (bravery, duty, and resilience). Structural equation modeling demonstrated that risk-taking was positively related to our Model Soldier and Military Values identities but negatively associated with being a Model Student. Additionally, high-risk-taking cadets were viewed by peers and instructors as confident but prone to judgment, self-discipline, and insight difficulties, suggesting overconfidence among risk-takers. Quantified as a difference between confidence and self-discipline, judgment, and insight, overconfidence mediated the relationship between risk-taking and the three identities, suggesting overconfidence drives both positive and negative associations with risk-taking. Military and leadership implications are presented.

scholarly journals Higher-Education Policies and the College Wage Premium: Cross-State Evidence from the 1990s

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Supply Effect ◽  
Higher Education Policies ◽  
National Market ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
The U.S

Exploiting differences across U.S. states, this paper demonstrates that there is a tight link between higher education policies, past enrollment rates, and recent changes in the college wage premium among labor market entrants. The analysis reveals, however, that this relationship is much weaker in states with high private enrollment rates, high levels of interstate mobility, or interstate trade. The within-state estimates of the own-cohort relative supply effect shed some light on the extent to which the U.S. labor market can be characterized as a single national market or a collection of state-specific labor markets.

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