Evidence on Food Control System in Charitable Food Assistance System: A Systematic Scoping Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizwe Makhunga ◽  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson ◽  
Mbuzeleni Hlongwa ◽  
Khumbulani W. Hlongwana
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Food Control ◽  
System A

Evidence on Food Control System in Charitable Food Assistance System: A Systematic Scoping Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizwe Makhunga ◽  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson ◽  
Mbuzeleni Hlongwa ◽  
Khumbulani W. Hlongwana
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Food Control ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Evidence on food control in charitable food assistance programs: a systematic scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizwe Makhunga ◽  
Tivani Mashamba-Thompson ◽  
Mbuzeleni Hlongwa ◽  
Khumbulani Hlongwana
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Food Control ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Food Assistance Programs ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Food Vulnerability

Abstract Background Food control is defined as a mandatory regulatory activity of enforcement aimed at ensuring that all foods during production, handling, storage, processing, and distribution are safe, wholesome, and fit for human consumption; conform to safety and quality requirements; and are honestly and accurately labeled as prescribed by law. This applies to food served by the conventional food supply chain as well as the charitable food assistance programs (CFAPs). This review sought to map the available evidence on the food control in the CFAPs globally. Methods In order to identify the literature, we developed a series of search terms, as well as parameters for including articles to review the literature using African Index Medicus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost (MEDLINE with full text, Academic search complete, MEDLINE) search engines. Articles were also searched through the “Cited by” search as well as citations included in the reference lists of included articles. We included studies reported in all languages and published from inception to 2018. We included studies if they presented evidence of the CFAPs, namely food banks, food charitable organizations (FCOs), pantries, community soup kitchens, and emergency shelters. We presented the results of our search using thematic analysis in order to reveal the emerging themes. Results Beyond inconsistencies with the classification of the CFAPs, our study found significant knowledge gaps in crucial areas, namely food vulnerability, food traceability, vulnerability of beneficiary populations, and lack of food control. Our search yielded a total of 23 articles, which we included in the analysis. Results show that while food is the critical commodity to saving lives, if not controlled properly, it can have an adverse effect, especially on people it is meant to benefit (the vulnerable). Conclusion With no previous comprehensive review to assess what is known about food control in the CFAPs, we undertook a scoping review, focusing on mapping the key concepts, including the main sources and types of evidence available. By drawing conclusions about the overall state of research activity and identifying research gaps and priorities in the existing literature, this study provides a baseline assessment of the CFAP research published in peer-reviewed journals from inception to 2018.

Multi-layer controller with state-constraint: Vehicle lateral stability control based on fuzzy logic

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110142
Author(s):  
Neng Wan ◽  
Guangping Zeng ◽  
Chunguang Zhang ◽  
Dingqi Pan ◽  
Songtao Cai
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
State Constraint ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
System A ◽  
Velocity Reduction ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper deals with a new state-constrained control (SCC) system of vehicle, which includes a multi-layer controller, in order to ensure the vehicle’s lateral stability and steering performance under complex environment. In this system, a new constraint control strategy with input and state constraints is applied to calculate the steady-state yaw moment. It ensures the vehicle lateral stability by tracking the desired yaw rate value and limiting the allowable range of the side slip. Through the linkage of the three-layer controller, the tire load is optimized and achieve minimal vehicle velocity reduction. The seven-degree-of-freedom (7-DOF) simulation model was established and simulated in MATLAB to evaluate the effect of the proposed controller. Through the analysis of the simulation results, compared with the traditional ESC and integrated control, it not only solves the problem of obvious velocity reduction, but also solves the problem of high cost and high hardware requirements in integrated control. The simulation results show that designed control system has better performance of path tracking and driving state, which is closer to the desired value. Through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) practical experiments in two typical driving conditions, the effectiveness of the above proposed control system is further verified, which can improve the lateral stability and maneuverability of the vehicle.

scholarly journals Strategies for reducing out of pocket payments in the health system: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faride Sadat Jalali ◽  
Parisa Bikineh ◽  
Sajad Delavari
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
System A ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Abstract Background Direct out-of-pocket payments (OOP) are among the most important financing mechanisms in many health systems, especially in developing countries, adversely affecting equality and leading vulnerable groups to poverty. Therefore, this scoping review study was conducted to identify the strategies involving OOP reduction in health systems. Methods Articles published in English on strategies related to out-of-pocket payments were Searched and retrieved in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases between January 2000 and November 2020, following PRISMA guidelines. As a result, 3710 papers were retrieved initially, and 40 were selected for full-text assessment. Results Out of 40 papers included, 22 (55%) and 18 (45%) of the study were conducted in developing and developed countries, respectively. The strategies were divided into four categories based on health system functions: health system stewardship, creating resources, health financing mechanisms, and delivering health services.As well, developing and developed countries applied different types of strategies to reduce OOP. Conclusion The present review identified some strategies that affect the OOP payments According to the health system functions framework. Considering the importance of stewardship, creating resources, the health financing mechanisms, and delivering health services in reducing OOP, this study could help policymakers make better decisions for reducing OOP expenditures.

scholarly journals Decentralized Optimization for a Novel Control Structure of HVAC System

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqiang Wang ◽  
Jianchun Xing ◽  
Ziyan Jiang ◽  
Juelong Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Control Structure ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Decentralized Optimization ◽  
System A ◽  
Novel Method

A decentralized control structure is introduced into the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system to solve the high maintenance and labor cost problem in actual engineering. Based on this new control system, a decentralized optimization method is presented for sensor fault repair and optimal group control of HVAC equipment. Convergence property of the novel method is theoretically analyzed considering both convex and nonconvex systems with constraints. In this decentralized control system, traditional device is fitted with a control chip such that it becomes a smart device. The smart device can communicate and operate collaboratively with the other devices to accomplish some designated tasks. The effectiveness of the presented method is verified by simulations and hardware tests.

Control System for the Mountainous Orchard Electric-Drive Monorail Transporter

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Pei Xu ◽  
Yu Ping Ouyang ◽  
Shi Lei Lv ◽  
Qiu Fang Dai
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
System A ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Operation Risk ◽  
Load Weight ◽  
Steep Hill

In order to reduce operation risk and working intensity in mountainous orchard transportation and to realize optimized control for the mountainous orchard electric-drive monorail transportation system, a mountainous orchard electric-drive monorail transporter control system was designed and developed in this study. The system mainly consists of modules as: manual and remote control, positioning, obstacle avoidance, speed measurement, motor control, electric-magnetic break, and the position limit. The driving speed, current consumption, break control, and battery pack running ability experiments were conducted to test the control system. Results indicated that, the transporter’s driving speed is 0.60~0.58 m/s when it is running on the ground with the load weight from 0 to 100kg. This speed is little affected by the load weight. The transporter’s driving speed is 0.45~0.28 m/s when it is climbing a steep hill with an angle of 39°. That speed is critically affected by the load weight. In further improvements, a shift mechanism will be introduced so that adjustable gear ratio could be achieved thus solve the current overload problem in a full load situation.

scholarly journals VILNIUS ADVANCED-SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM (A-SMGCS) SAFETY OBJECTIVES / VILNIAUS AERODROMO AUTOMATIZUOTOS ANTŽEMINIO EISMO STEBĖJIMO IR KONTROLĖS SISTEMOS SAUGOS TIKSLŲ ANALIZĖ

Aviation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Vaidotas Kondroška ◽  
Jonas Stankūnas
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Surface Movement ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Methods Of Determination ◽  
Guidance And Control ◽  
System A ◽  
And Control

This work reviews the innovative and progressive methods of determination and analysis of safety objectives using Vilnius A-SMGCS example. The aim of the analysis is to determine how failures in this system could affect flight safety in Vilnius aerodrome. Identified safety objectives will limit the frequency of occurrence of hazards enough for the associated risk to be acceptable, and will ensure that appropriate mitigation means are reflected subsequently as Safety Requirements for the system. Analysis reflects aspects of A-SMGCS Safety objectives, which should be taken into consideration. Santrauka Darbe apžvelgiami progresyvūs saugos tikslų analizės metodai pagal Vilniaus aerodromo automatizuotos antžeminio eismo stebėjimo ir kontrolės sistemos veiklos pavyzdį. Analizuojama, kaip šios sistemos sutrikimai gali paveikti skrydžių saugą Vilniaus aerodrome. Remiantis galimų pavojų skrydžių saugai analize, tyrime nustatyti saugos tikslai, pagal kuriuos vėliau bus numatomos riziką mažinančios priemonės (galimų pavojų neutralizavimui ar kylančios rizikos sumažinimui iki priimtino lygio). Straipsnyje pateikiami veiksniai, kuriuos reikėtų įvertinti nustatant aerodromo automatizuotos antžeminio eismo stebėjimo ir kontrolės sistemos saugos tikslus.

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