scholarly journals Mannose Alters Gut Microbiome, Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity and Improves Host Metabolism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Jamie Smolin ◽  
Jonamani Nayak ◽  
Julio E. Ayala ◽  
David A. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Host Metabolism

scholarly journals Mannose Alters Gut Microbiome, Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity, and Improves Host Metabolism

Cell Reports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 3087-3098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Jamie Smolin ◽  
Jonamani Nayak ◽  
Julio E. Ayala ◽  
David A. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Host Metabolism

scholarly journals Impacts of PBDE-47 exposure before, during and after pregnancy on the maternal gut microbiome and its association with host metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 112530
Author(s):  
Hui Gao ◽  
Xueyan Wan ◽  
Boya Xiao ◽  
Kaichao Yang ◽  
Yafei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Host Metabolism

Seabuckthorn polysaccharide ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity by gut microbiota-SCFAs-liver axis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lan ◽  
Qingyang Sun ◽  
Zhiyuan Ma ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Mengqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Obesity has been reported to be associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. seabuckthorn fruits are traditionally used in Tibetan foods and medicines for thousands of years. Seabuckthorn polysaccharide (SP) is one...

scholarly journals Basal Diet Determined Long-Term Composition of the Gut Microbiome and Mouse Phenotype to a Greater Extent than Fecal Microbiome Transfer from Lean or Obese Human Donors

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne M. Rodriguez ◽  
Abby D. Benninghoff ◽  
Niklas D.J. Aardema ◽  
Sumira Phatak ◽  
Korry J. Hintze
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Human Donor ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Obese Human

The Western dietary pattern can alter the gut microbiome and cause obesity and metabolic disorders. To examine the interactions between diet, the microbiome, and obesity, we transplanted gut microbiota from lean or obese human donors into mice fed one of three diets for 22 weeks: (1) a control AIN93G diet; (2) the total Western diet (TWD), which mimics the American diet; or (3) a 45% high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) diet. We hypothesized that a fecal microbiome transfer (FMT) from obese donors would lead to an obese phenotype and aberrant glucose metabolism in recipient mice that would be exacerbated by consumption of the TWD or DIO diets. Prior to the FMT, the native microbiome was depleted using an established broad-spectrum antibiotic protocol. Interestingly, the human donor body type microbiome did not significantly affect final body weight or body composition in mice fed any of the experimental diets. Beta diversity analysis and linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) showed that mice that received an FMT from obese donors had a significantly different microbiome compared to mice that received an FMT from lean donors. However, after 22 weeks, diet influenced the microbiome composition irrespective of donor body type, suggesting that diet is a key variable in the shaping of the gut microbiome after FMT.

scholarly journals Long-term exposure to TET increases body weight of juvenile zebrafish as indicated in host metabolism and gut microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 105705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharushi Prabha Keerthisinghe ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Mengjing Wang ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Host Metabolism

Metabolomics in GI disease and the influence of the gut microbiome on host metabolism

2014 ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alesia Walker ◽  
Silke S Heinzmann ◽  
Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Host Metabolism

scholarly journals The Prebiotic Inulin Beneficially Alters the Gut Microbiome and Associated Metabolites in an APOE4 Mouse Model (P08-133-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Yanckello ◽  
Jared Hoffman ◽  
Ishita Parikh ◽  
Jessie Hoffman ◽  
Stefan Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Apoe4 Allele ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Abstract Objectives The APOE4 allele is a genetic risk factor for certain diseases, due in part to alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism. The gut microbiota is also known to impact metabolic and can be beneficially modulated by prebiotics. Prebiotics are fermented into metabolites by the gut microbiota. These metabolites act as gut-brain axis components. However, the interaction of the APOE4 allele, gut microbiota, and prebiotics are unknown. The goal of the study was to use prebiotic diet to restore the gut microbiome of mice with human APOE4 (E4FAD) genes. We hypothesized that the microbial compositions of E4 mice fed inulin, compared to control fed, will correlate to metabolites being produced by the microbiome that confer benefit to host metabolism. Methods At 3 months of age the E4FAD mice were fed for 4 months with either control or inulin diet. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to determine gut microbiota diversity and species variations; non-targeted UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS analysis was used to determine metabolic profiles of blood. Results The inulin fed mice showed a more beneficial microbial taxa profile than those mice that were control fed. Control mice showed higher levels of dimethylglycine, choline, creatine and the polyamine spermine. Higher levels of spermine, specifically, correlate to higher levels of the Proteobacteria which has been implicated in GI disorders. E4 inulin fed mice showed higher levels of bile acids, short chain fatty acids and metabolites involved in energy, increased levels of tryptophan metabolites and robust increases in sphingomyelins. Specifically in E4 inulin fed mice we saw increases in certain genera of bacteria, all of which have been implicated in being beneficial to the composition of the microbiome and producing one or more of the above mentioned metabolites. Conclusions We believe the disparities of microbial metabolite production between E4 inulin fed mice and E4 control fed mice can be attributed to differences in certain taxa that produce these metabolites, and that higher levels of these taxa are due to the dietary intervention of inulin. Despite the APOE4 allele increasing one's risk for certain diseases, we believe that beneficially modulating the gut microbiota may be one way to enhance host metabolism and decrease disease risk over time. Funding Sources NIH/NIDDK T323048107792, NIH/NIA R01AG054459, NIEHS/NIH P42ES007380. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals SAT-657 The Gut Microbiome Regulates Host Glucose Homeostasis via Peripheral Serotonin

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Keating
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Pharmacological Inhibition ◽  
Genetic Deletion ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract The gut microbiome is an established regulator of aspects of host metabolism, such as glucose handling. Despite the known impacts of the gut microbiota on host glucose homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The gut microbiome is also a potent mediator of gut-derived serotonin synthesis, and this peripheral source of serotonin is itself a regulator of glucose homeostasis. Here, we determined whether the gut microbiome influences glucose homeostasis through effects on gut-derived serotonin. Using both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of gut-derived serotonin synthesis, we find [1] that the improvements in host glucose handling caused by antibiotic-induced changes in microbiota composition are dependent on the synthesis of peripheral serotonin. [1] The gut microbiome regulates host glucose homeostasis via peripheral serotonin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Oct 1;116(40):19802-19804. Martin AM, Yabut JM, Choo JM, Page AJ, Sun EW, Jessup CF, Wesselingh SL, Khan WI, Rogers GB, Steinberg GR, Keating DJ.

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Deficiency and Excess Alter the Gut Microbiome in Adult Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Jensen ◽  
Jonathan A Young ◽  
Zachary Jackson ◽  
Joshua Busken ◽  
Edward O List ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Host Growth ◽  
Folate Biosynthesis ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Mouse Lines ◽  
Acetate Butyrate

Abstract The gut microbiome has been implicated in host metabolism, endocrinology, and pathophysiology. Furthermore, several studies have shown that gut bacteria impact host growth, partially mediated through the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis. Yet, no study to date has examined the specific role of GH on the gut microbiome. Our study thus characterized the adult gut microbial profile and intestinal phenotype in GH gene-disrupted (GH-/-) mice (a model of GH deficiency) and bovine GH transgenic (bGH) mice (a model of chronic, excess GH action) at 6 months of age. Both the GH-/- and bGH mice had altered microbial signatures, in opposing directions at the phylum and genus levels. For example, GH-/- mice had significantly reduced abundance in the Proteobacteria, Campylobacterota, and Actinobacteria phyla, whereas bGH mice exhibited a trending increase in those phyla compared with respective controls. Analysis of maturity of the microbial community demonstrated that lack of GH results in a significantly more immature microbiome while excess GH increases microbial maturity. Several common bacterial genera were shared, although in opposing directions, between the 2 mouse lines (e.g., decreased in GH-/- mice and increased in bGH mice), suggesting an association with GH. Similarly, metabolic pathways like acetate, butyrate, heme B, and folate biosynthesis were predicted to be impacted by GH. This study is the first to characterize the gut microbiome in mouse lines with altered GH action and indicates that GH may play a role in the growth of certain microbiota thus impacting microbial maturation and metabolic function.

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