scholarly journals Labor Market Programs, the Discouraged-Worker Effect, and Labor Force Participation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Labor Market Programs

scholarly journals Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Beirut, 1990

1970 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Natalie Chekaibe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Economic Participation ◽  
Status Of Women

Although, universally, the most visible change in the economic status of women during the second half of the twentieth century has been the increase in their participation in the labor market, the Arab region is still characterized by very low female economic participation.

scholarly journals THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LABOR MARKET AND FEMALE LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeta Jaba ◽  
Christiana Sandu ◽  
Aurelian Plopeanu ◽  
Ioan Robu ◽  
Marinela Istrate
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Female Labor

In this paper we analyze the characteristics of labor markets and female labor force in the countries from Central and Eastern Europe in order to verify the existence of significant differences in female labor participation rate among the countries that experienced the same political and economic system before 1990. The paper seeks to address the following specific objectives: 1) to identify the variables which are strongly correlated with female labor force participation, objective met using correlation analysis; 2) to define clusters of countries based on the determinants of female participation on the labor market, identified previously, using hierarchical cluster method; 3) to verify if the female labor force participation rate differs significantly among the identified clusters by applying the analysis of variance. The results of this study highlight that, in Central and Eastern Europe, we can identify four clusters of countries that share common characteristics of female labor market and female labor force. The analysis of the variation in female labor force participation rate emphasizes different patterns according to identified groups of countries.

scholarly journals Structural legacies and the motherhood penalty: How past societal contexts shape mothers’ employment outcomes in reunified Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Collischon ◽  
Andreas Eberl ◽  
Malte Reichelt
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
The West ◽  
Maternal Work ◽  
Long Run ◽  
East German ◽  
Work Preferences

Motherhood penalties vary strongly across societal contexts. While most studies that aim to explain such differences focus on institutions, a smaller literature refers to the influence of cultural norms or a complex interaction between the two. Empirically, however, it is yet unclear if such norms play a role and how they—jointly with institutions—contribute to motherhood penalties. We make use of a unique historical setting that allows us to assess how societal contexts affect maternal work preferences and labor market outcomes in the short- and long-run. Germany’s division into socialist East and parliamentary democratic West led to considerably different gender norms. But German reunification in 1990 mostly realigned gendered institutions. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we show that East and West German mothers’ preferred and realized labor force participation and working hours nevertheless remain divergent. We then focus on East German women who moved to the West during and after the country’s transitionary period. Despite moving to a context with more conservative gender norms, East German mothers in the West retain and fulfill their work preferences. Our findings imply that it is the structural legacy of past norms and institutions, not current ones, that shapes maternal work preferences and thus pave the way for motherhood penalties. Moreover, societal norms at the time of childbirth do not directly affect mothers’ labor force participation, working hours, or wages. Gendered outcomes in the labor market are thus highly dependent on institutional and normative changes across cohorts.

Economic Well-being

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Alba ◽  
Nancy Foner
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The West ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Labor Market Inequality ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter looks at the economic situations of the immigrants. They have uprooted themselves in the search for better economic prospects, but profound changes in the economic structures of the rich societies of the West in recent years raise serious doubts about whether their aspirations will be fulfilled and therefore about the starting point for the next generation. The chapter then explores the implications of growing labor market inequality and precarious work for the economic incorporation of immigrants, including rates of labor force participation, unemployment, and risks of poverty. The emphasis is on how immigrants are doing compared to natives in the countries where they live, with the emphasis on low-status immigrants.

The Composition of Labor Supply and Its Evolution from 2010 to 2016 in Jordan

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-42
Author(s):  
Ragui Assaad ◽  
Caroline Krafft ◽  
Caitlyn Keo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Panel Surveys ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

This chapter investigates the changing character of labor supply in Jordan from 2010 to 2016. We examine recent demographic developments as well as the rapid increases in educational attainment among Jordanians. A particular focus of the chapter is on the demographic changes, such as the large increase in the working age population, generated by the recent refugee influx. Labor force participation, as well as its components of unemployment and employment, are examined using a variety of definitions. We examine differential patterns of participation by age, sex, education, and place of residence. Data from the Jordan Labor Market Panel Surveys of 2010 and 2016 are supplemented with annual data from the Jordanian Employment and Unemployment Survey (EUS) for the intervening years.

Unions and the Labor Market Status of White and Minority Youth

ILR Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J. Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Blacks And Whites

This paper presents data showing that unions have a very substantial effect on the wages of young union workers, particularly young blacks, but that they also have a negative effect on the wages of young blacks who are not unionized. The effects of unions on employment are negative for both groups and especially for blacks. In addition, the data indicate that young blacks within the labor force have union membership rates that are roughly comparable to those of young whites, but rates for young blacks are lower after accounting for differences in the rate of labor-force participation of young blacks and whites. Young blacks also continue to be underrepresented in strongly unionized crafts and in the construction industry, while being overrepresented in the weakly organized and low-wage service sector. These results suggest the need to improve further the access of blacks to unionized employment.

scholarly journals The Long-Run Effects of Teacher Collective Bargaining

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Lovenheim ◽  
Alexander Willén
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Noncognitive Skills ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Cohort Difference ◽  
Annual Earnings

We analyze how exposure to teacher collective bargaining affects long-run outcomes for students, exploiting the timing of state duty-to-bargain law passage in a cross-cohort difference-in-difference framework. Among men, exposure to a duty-to-bargain law in the first 10 years after passage depresses annual earnings by $2,134 (3.93 percent), decreases weekly hours worked by 0.42, and reduces employment and labor force participation. The earnings estimate implies that current duty-to-bargain laws reduce earnings by $213.8 billion annually. Effects grow with time since law passage, are largest among nonwhites, and are not evident for women. Duty-to-bargain laws reduce male noncognitive skills, supporting the labor market findings. (JEL I21, J22, J31, J45, J51, J52, K31)

Labor Force Participation, Household Composition and Sponsorship among Southeast Asian Refugees

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bach ◽  
Rita Carroll-Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Southeast Asian Refugees ◽  
The U.S

This article investigates more fully the complexities of refugees’ participation in the U.S. labor market and possible sources of variations in their experience. The article focuses specifically on the labor market experiences of Southeast Asian refugees.

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