Group Size Effects in Social Evolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Peea ◽  
Georg NNldeke
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Social Evolution

scholarly journals Group size effects in social evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Peña ◽  
Georg Nöldeke
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Social Evolution

scholarly journals Group size effects in social evolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Peña ◽  
Georg Nöldeke
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Replicator Dynamics ◽  
Basin Of Attraction ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Public Goods Games

AbstractHow the size of social groups affects the evolution of cooperative behaviors is a classic question in evolutionary biology. Here we investigate group size effects in the evolutionary dynamics of games in which individuals choose whether to cooperate or defect and payoffs do not depend directly on the size of the group. We find that increasing the group size decreases the proportion of cooperators at both stable and unstable rest points of the replicator dynamics. This implies that larger group sizes can have negative effects (by reducing the amount of cooperation at stable polymorphisms) and positive effects (by enlarging the basin of attraction of more cooperative outcomes) on the evolution of cooperation. These two effects can be simultaneously present in games whose evolutionary dynamics feature both stable and unstable rest points, such as public goods games with participation thresholds. Our theory recovers and generalizes previous results and is applicable to a broad variety of social interactions that have been studied in the literature.

Yellow-Footed Rock-Wallaby Group Size Effects Reflect A Trade-Off

Ethology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 655-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Blumstein ◽  
Janice C. Daniel ◽  
Christopher S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Trade Off

Group Size Effects in Electronic Brainstorming

2011 ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
Alan R. Dennis ◽  
Michael L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Electronic Brainstorming

The goal of this article is to analyze the effect of group size on idea generation in both verbal and electronic brainstorming (EBS) groups. Group size effects were analyzed by a meta-analysis of 21 previously published articles. Section one reviews how group size impacts the communication process in group idea generation. Section two and three present the methods and results of our meta-analysis. Section four is a discussion of the results and implications for future research and practice.

scholarly journals The multinomial index: a robust measure of reproductive skew

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1936) ◽  
pp. 20202025
Author(s):  
Cody T. Ross ◽  
Adrian V. Jaeggi ◽  
Monique Borgerhoff Mulder ◽  
Jennifer E. Smith ◽  
Eric Alden Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
R Package ◽  
Reproductive Skew ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Population Comparisons ◽  
Negative Effect

Inequality or skew in reproductive success (RS) is common across many animal species and is of long-standing interest to the study of social evolution. However, the measurement of inequality in RS in natural populations has been challenging because existing quantitative measures are highly sensitive to variation in group/sample size, mean RS, and age-structure. This makes comparisons across multiple groups and/or species vulnerable to statistical artefacts and hinders empirical and theoretical progress. Here, we present a new measure of reproductive skew, the multinomial index, M , that is unaffected by many of the structural biases affecting existing indices. M is analytically related to Nonacs’ binomial index, B , and comparably accounts for heterogeneity in age across individuals; in addition, M allows for the possibility of diminishing or even highly nonlinear RS returns to age. Unlike B , however, M is not biased by differences in sample/group size. To demonstrate the value of our index for cross-population comparisons, we conduct a reanalysis of male reproductive skew in 31 primate species. We show that a previously reported negative effect of group size on mating skew was an artefact of structural biases in existing skew measures, which inevitably decline with group size; this bias disappears when using M . Applying phylogenetically controlled, mixed-effects models to the same dataset, we identify key similarities and differences in the inferred within- and between-species predictors of reproductive skew across metrics. Finally, we provide an R package, SkewCalc , to estimate M from empirical data.

Group Size Effects on Heat Production Measurements

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Brown-Brandl ◽  
J.A. Nienaber
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Size Effects
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