scholarly journals Addressing the Climate Problem: Choice between Allowances, Feed-In Tariffs and Taxes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik S. Amundsen ◽  
Peder A. Andersen ◽  
Jørgen Birk Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Choice ◽  
Climate Problem

Institutional variations in problem choice and persistence among scientists in an emerging field

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koenraad Debackere ◽  
Michael A. Rappa
Keyword(s):  
Problem Choice

scholarly journals The Economics of the Climate

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1046-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Heal
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Integrated Assessment Models ◽  
Qualitative Understanding ◽  
Climate Problem

I review the economic characteristics of the climate problem, focusing on the choice of discount rates in the presence of a stock externality, risk and uncertainty/ambiguity, and the role of integrated assessment models (IAMs) in analyzing policy choices. I suggest that IAMs can play a role in providing qualitative understanding of how complex systems behave, but are not accurate enough to provide quantitative insights. Arguments in favor of action on climate issues have to be based on aversion to risk and ambiguity and the need to avoid a small but positive risk of a disastrous outcome. ( JEL D61, H43, Q48, Q54, Q58)

scholarly journals The Interdependence of Research Funding Concentration, Policy Priorities, and Problem Choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Bargmann Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Problem Choice ◽  
Funding Success ◽  
Research Councils ◽  
Funding Distribution ◽  
Topical Diversity

The prioritisation of research funding towards a small elite of researchers and research topics of "strategic" importance are becoming a norm across national research systems. Researchers are increasingly worried that such steering hampers the diversity of scientific approaches and problems addressed. However, the effects of increased steering of who and what receives research funds are not well known. I use evidence from 65,000 research grants awarded by seven research councils in the United Kingdom and fifteen Danish research funders to investigate how strong funding concentration and thematic targeting leads to less topical diversity. Researchers in the very top of the funding distribution primarily investigate topics and disciplines with the most funding success, and research output form targeted funding schemes overlaps with that from investigatorledgrants. Moreover, priorities from private funders line up with the type of researchfunded by public research councils. The findings highlight how steering through funding decisions can multiply

Mediating Problem Choice

2010 ◽  
pp. 266-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudvika Leišytė ◽  
Jürgen Enders ◽  
Harry de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Problem Choice

Lazy thinking, lazy giving? Examining the effects of Norwegian aid on forests in developing countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Hermanrud ◽  
Indra de Soysa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Step Selection ◽  
Climate Problem

The Norwegian government enthusiastically supports the protection of forests, which are important CO2 sinks. Given all the difficulty surrounding the reduction of greenhouse gases, funding the protection of forests is a sound proposition. Up to the present time, how well has Norwegian aid to forests and Norwegian bilateral aid affected the health of forests? Using World Bank data on forest degradation and change in forest area for roughly 130 developing countries from 1999 to 2013, we find that higher levels of Norwegian forest aid among recipient countries has generally had no effect on reducing degradation, while total Norwegian bilateral aid is associated with increased degradation, results that might very well be causal because they are robust to estimations using instrumental variable techniques. Two-step selection models show that forest aid also increases forest degradation, result that are quite unflattering of Norwegian aid. These results are robust to several alternative specifications of our models and to alternative estimation techniques including country fixed effects. Two clear lessons emerge from our findings; firstly, that Norwegian aid does not seem to be coordinated for addressing the problem of forest degradation; and secondly, aid as a means to solve the climate problem likely faces steep obstacles if even a non-strategic, aid-giving country, such as Norway, is capable of more harm than good.

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