Chromosome Translocation Inflates Bacillus subtilis Forespores and Impacts Cellular Morphology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Lopez-Garrido ◽  
Nikola Ojkic ◽  
Kanika Khanna ◽  
Felix R. Wagner ◽  
Elizabeth Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Cellular Morphology

scholarly journals Shaping an Endospore: Architectural Transformations During Bacillus subtilis Sporulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanika Khanna ◽  
Javier Lopez-Garrido ◽  
Kit Pogliano
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Ideal Model System ◽  
Unique Cell

Endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis provides an ideal model system for studying development in bacteria. Sporulation studies have contributed a wealth of information about the mechanisms of cell-specific gene expression, chromosome dynamics, protein localization, and membrane remodeling, while helping to dispel the early view that bacteria lack internal organization and interesting cell biological phenomena. In this review, we focus on the architectural transformations that lead to a profound reorganization of the cellular landscape during sporulation, from two cells that lie side by side to the endospore, the unique cell within a cell structure that is a hallmark of sporulation in B. subtilis and other spore-forming Firmicutes. We discuss new insights into the mechanisms that drive morphogenesis, with special emphasis on polar septation, chromosome translocation, and the phagocytosis-like process of engulfment, and also the key experimental advances that have proven valuable in revealing the inner workings of bacterial cells.

scholarly journals Sequence-directed DNA export guides chromosome translocation during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerod L Ptacin ◽  
Marcelo Nollmann ◽  
Eric C Becker ◽  
Nicholas R Cozzarelli ◽  
Kit Pogliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Chromosome Translocation

scholarly journals Milestones in Bacillus subtilis sporulation research

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Eammon P. Riley ◽  
Corinna Schwarz ◽  
Alan I. Derman ◽  
Javier Lopez-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
And Function

Endospore formation has been a rich field of research for more than a century, and has benefited from the powerful genetic tools available in Bacillus subtilis. In this review, we highlight foundational discoveries that shaped the sporulation field, from its origins to the present day, tracing a chronology that spans more than one hundred eighty years. We detail how cell-specific gene expression has been harnessed to investigate the existence and function of intercellular proteinaceous channels in sporulating cells, and we illustrate the rapid progress in our understanding of the cell biology of sporulation in recent years using the process of chromosome translocation as a storyline. Finally, we sketch general aspects of sporulation that remain largely unexplored, and that we envision will be fruitful areas of future research.

scholarly journals Chromosome Translocation Inflates Bacillus Forespores and Impacts Cellular Morphology

Cell ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 172 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-770.e14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Lopez-Garrido ◽  
Nikola Ojkic ◽  
Kanika Khanna ◽  
Felix R. Wagner ◽  
Elizabeth Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Cellular Morphology

scholarly journals Blocking Chromosome Translocation during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis Can Result in Prespore-Specific Activation of σG That Is Independent of σE and of Engulfment

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (20) ◽  
pp. 7267-7273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasant K. Chary ◽  
Panagiotis Xenopoulos ◽  
Patrick J. Piggot
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Direct Activator

ABSTRACT Formation of spores by Bacillus subtilis is characterized by cell compartment-specific gene expression directed by four RNA polymerase σ factors, which are activated in the order σF-σE-σG-σK. Of these, σG becomes active in the prespore upon completion of engulfment of the prespore by the mother cell. Transcription of the gene encoding σG, spoIIIG, is directed in the prespore by RNA polymerase containing σF but also requires the activity of σE in the mother cell. When first formed, σG is not active. Its activation requires expression of additional σE-directed genes, including the genes required for completion of engulfment. Here we report conditions in which σG becomes active in the prespore in the absence of σE activity and of completion of engulfment. The conditions are (i) having an spoIIIE mutation, so that only the origin-proximal 30% of the chromosome is translocated into the prespore, and (ii) placing spoIIIG in an origin-proximal location on the chromosome. The main function of the σE-directed regulation appears to be to coordinate σG activation with the completion of engulfment, not to control the level of σG activity. It seems plausible that the role of σE in σG activation is to reverse some inhibitory signal (or signals) in the engulfed prespore, a signal that is not present in the spoIIIE mutant background. It is not clear what the direct activator of σG in the prespore is. Competition for core RNA polymerase between σF and σG is unlikely to be of major importance.

scholarly journals Tn917 Targets the Region Where DNA Replication Terminates in Bacillus subtilis, Highlighting a Difference in Chromosome Processing in the Firmicutes

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (24) ◽  
pp. 7623-7627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaojuan Shi ◽  
Jose C. Huguet-Tapia ◽  
Joseph E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Target Site Selection ◽  
Molecular Process ◽  
Bacterial Transposon

ABSTRACT The bacterial transposon Tn917 inserts preferentially in the terminus region of some members of the Firmicutes. To determine what molecular process was being targeted by the element, we analyzed Tn917 target site selection in Bacillus subtilis. We find that Tn917 insertions accumulate around the central terminators, terI and terII, in wild-type cells with or without the SPβ lysogen. Highly focused targeting around terI and terII requires the trans-acting termination protein RTP, but it is unaffected in strains compromised in dimer resolution or chromosome translocation. This work indicates that Tn917 is sensitive to differences in DNA replication termination between the Firmicutes.

A pre-embedding, protein a-gold immunolabelling technique for cytocentrifuged cell monolayers for lm and tem

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
K. Chien ◽  
I.P. Shintaku ◽  
A.F. Sassoon ◽  
R.L. Van de Velde ◽  
R. Heusser
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Cellular Morphology ◽  
Cellular Phenotype ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Diagnostic Histopathology

Identification of cellular phenotype by cell surface antigens in conjunction with ultrastructural analysis of cellular morphology can be a useful tool in the study of biologic processes as well as in diagnostic histopathology. In this abstract, we describe a simple pre-embedding, protein A-gold staining method which is designed for cell suspensions combining the handling convenience of slide-mounted cell monolayers and the ability to evaluate specimen staining specificity prior to EM embedding.

Use of Antibody to aid Visualization of Protein at the Termini of Bacteriophage Ø29 DNA

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
Dwight Anderson ◽  
Charlene Peterson ◽  
Gursaran Notani ◽  
Bernard Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Antibody Labeling ◽  
Subtilis Bacteriophage

The protein product of cistron 3 of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage Ø29 is essential for viral DNA synthesis and is covalently bound to the 5’-termini of the Ø29 DNA. When the DNA-protein complex is cleaved with a restriction endonuclease, the protein is bound to the two terminal fragments. The 28,000 dalton protein can be visualized by electron microscopy as a small dot and often is seen only when two ends are in apposition as in multimers or in glutaraldehyde-fixed aggregates. We sought to improve the visibility of these small proteins by use of antibody labeling.

Control of Cellular Morphology by Mechanical Factors

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1555-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Thoumine
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Morphology ◽  
Mechanical Factors

Antibacterial activity of Celastrol against Bacillus subtilis

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Padilla-Montaño ◽  
IL Bazzocchi ◽  
L Moujir
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis
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