The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Doctrine of the UN: What Is the Way Forward for R2P?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariyam Zulfa
Keyword(s):  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
The Way

Humanitarian Intervention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Real Effect ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Way

States – Western ones, at least – have given increased weight to human rights and humanitarian norms as matters of international concern, with the authorization of legally binding enforcement measures to tackle humanitarian crises under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. These concerns were also developed outside the UN Security Council framework, following Tony Blair’s Chicago speech and the contemporaneous NATO action over Kosovo. This gave rise to international commissions and resulted, among other things, in the emergence of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) doctrine. The adoption of this doctrine coincided with a period in which there appeared to be a general decline in mass atrocities. Yet R2P had little real effect – it cannot be shown to have caused the fall in mass atrocities, only to have echoed it. Thus, the promise of R2P and an age of humanitarianism failed to emerge, even if the way was paved for future development.

Surrogate Advertising

2019 ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Sushma Nayak ◽  
Vani Balasubramaniam ◽  
Amiya Prakash Kané
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Promotional Strategies ◽  
The One ◽  
Indian Perspective ◽  
The Way

The chapter expounds advertising practices from the standpoint of social marketing, wherein government should act responsibly and play a key role in regulating consumption. The governing body of a country has an important responsibility to protect the interests of its citizens. Of particular significance is to discourage the consumption of demerit goods, like tobacco and liquor, which harm direct users, as well as people in vicinity. Governments in numerous countries prohibit advertisements of demerit goods on popular media, to dissuade potential consumers from falling prey to addictive substances. However, companies dealing in barred products look out for surrogate advertising to endorse every permissible product under the same brand name, other than the one that is banned or deemed injurious to health. Thus, there is an underlying subliminal message which is garbed by acceptable promotional strategies. The primary objective of the present chapter is to examine the rationale behind surrogate advertising, various forms of executing them, ethical considerations involved, the government's response, the overall impact, and the way ahead from the Indian perspective.

The Responsibility to Protect Turns Ten

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
International Norm ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
Widespread View ◽  
The Way

Ten years since its adoption by the UN General Assembly, the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) has become an established international norm associated with positive changes to the way that international society responds to genocide and mass atrocities. In its first decade, RtoP has moved from being a controversial and indeterminate concept seldom utilized by international society to a norm utilized almost habitually. This is an assessment that stands in contrast to the widespread view that RtoP is associated with “growing controversy,” but is one that rests on evidence of state practice.

Cosmopolitanism, Responsibility to Protect and the Libya Intervention: A Reassessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-401
Author(s):  
Nicholas Idris Erameh
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Way

Protection of civilians has remained problematic either when it occurs or when it does not. And this has generated heated debate among several theoretical schools, with grave consequences for international relations theorising. The Libya crisis in 2011 represents one of those cases that has led to arguments and counter-arguments, particularly on justification, agency, means and outcomes of the intervention. This study interrogates as to what extent cosmopolitanism shaped the need to protect civilians in the Libya crisis, the successes, challenges and the consequences of cosmopolitanism on the Libya intervention. The study argues that even though cosmopolitanism bears a large part in informing the need to protect civilians in Libya, the way and manner the intervention turns out to be poses a serious challenge to cosmopolitanism. Hence, there is the need for cosmopolitanism to think beyond justifying intervention to monitoring actors involved, institutions, intervention processes as well as the post-intervention era, especially in terms of rebuilding.

scholarly journals Access to Safe Justice in Australian Courts: Some Reflections upon Intelligence, Design and Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Sarre ◽  
Alikki Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
The Way

There have been great strides taken in Australia recently to make our courts safer, principally through an emphasis on risk management. After all, governments have a responsibility to protect those who work in, or who visit, court precincts. A greater understanding of how court safety can be enhanced by managing people, curial processes and the court environment requires assessing the physical mechanisms of risk management alongside a ‘needs-focus’ of stakeholders’ safety considerations. At the same time there must be a focus on enabling participation and well-being in justice processes. By examining the way in which courts now operate around Australia and the developments in security intelligence, court design and processes, this paper seeks to outline how access to safe justice is possible.

The South, the West, and the meanings of humanitarian intervention in history

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-533
Author(s):  
Patrick Quinton-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Third World ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

AbstractAs it has been written, the history of humanitarian intervention is all too Whiggish and all too white. By conceptualising humanitarian intervention in the way that they do, orthodox histories should be seen as entangled in debates about the origins of human rights but also, perhaps more crucially, debates about the various formations and reinventions of human rights. Alternative codifications of rights reveal the historical possibility of a Southern practice of what we would almost certainly call ‘humanitarian intervention’. The record of a radical Third World practice to save strangers from the atrocities of colonialism and extreme racism is also a record of Western states playing staunchly sovereigntist roles, of the West's late devotion to Westphalia. To sketch out such a counterhistory is to argue the following: at a threshold moment in the international-political life of the Responsibility to Protect, it is the terms, range, and domain of the intervention debate that must be re-formulated and re-evaluated.

scholarly journals The Responsibility to Protect Human Rights and the RtoP: Prospective and Retrospective Responsibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-166
Author(s):  
David Jason Karp
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Independent Contribution ◽  
International Responsibility ◽  
The Way

This article argues that—contrary to the way that it is often framed—the first pillar of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) is not best understood as an instantiation of a broader international responsibility to protect human rights. Firstly, the RtoP reverts to a discourse of powerful savours and passive victims, which runs against advocates’ claim that the RtoP is a ‘rights-based norm’. Secondly, although it distinguishes between prevention and response, the RtoP is still fundamentally a discussion of retrospective responsibility. The responsibility to protect human rights, by contrast, is importantly prospective. The article’s separation of prospective/retrospective responsibility from the responsibility to prevent and to respond is an independent contribution, with broader significance beyond the RtoP context. Thirdly, the RtoP becomes activated when atrocity is building, imminent or underway; whereas the responsibility to protect human rights may be breached even without a clear causal link to harm.

Self-sacrifice for in-group's history: A diachronic perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Babińska ◽  
Michal Bilewicz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Reciprocal Process ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe problem of extended fusion and identification can be approached from a diachronic perspective. Based on our own research, as well as findings from the fields of social, political, and clinical psychology, we argue that the way contemporary emotional events shape local fusion is similar to the way in which historical experiences shape extended fusion. We propose a reciprocal process in which historical events shape contemporary identities, whereas contemporary identities shape interpretations of past traumas.

What is the purpose of cognition?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aba Szollosi ◽  
Ben R. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
The Way

Abstract The purpose of human cognition depends on the problem people try to solve. Defining the purpose is difficult, because people seem capable of representing problems in an infinite number of ways. The way in which the function of cognition develops needs to be central to our theories.

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