scholarly journals The Labor Market Integration of Refugees to the United States: Do Entrepreneurs in the Network Help?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Dagnelie ◽  
Anna Maria Mayda ◽  
Jean Maystadt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Market Integration

Wage Shocks and North American Labor-Market Integration

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Robertson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
North American ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Rates Of Convergence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Labor Market Integration

This study uses household-level data from the United States and Mexico to examine labor-market integration. I consider how the effects of shocks and rates of convergence to an equilibrium differential are affected by borders, geography, and demographics. I find that even though a large wage differential exists between them, the labor markets of the United States and Mexico are closely integrated. Mexico's border region is more integrated with the United States than is the Mexican interior. Evidence of integration precedes the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and may be largely the result of migration. (JEL F15, F20, J61)

scholarly journals Migration and Labor Market Integration in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-76
Author(s):  
David Dorn ◽  
Josef Zweimüller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interstate Migration ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Labor Market Integration ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Free Mobility ◽  
International Convergence

The European labor market allows for the border-free mobility of workers across 31 countries that cover most of the continent’s population. However, rates of migration across European countries remain considerably lower than interstate migration in the United States, and spatial variation in terms of unemployment or income levels is larger. We document patterns of migration in Europe, which include a sizable migration from east to west in the last twenty years. An analysis of worker-level microdata provides some evidence for an international convergence in wage rates and for modest static gains from migration. We conclude by discussing obstacles to migration that reduce the potential for further labor market integration in Europe.

scholarly journals Work Integration Social Enterprises in the United States: Operating at the Nexus of Public Policy, Markets, and Community

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Cooney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Organizational Models ◽  
Work Integration

AbstractWork integration social enterprises (WISEs) in the United States represent a market based approach for workforce development and labor market integration that offer employment and training opportunities as well as bridges to the mainstream labor market. Historically developed to create separate spaces of work for populations considered less able to compete in mainstream labor markets, such as people with physical and developmental disabilities, as this article will show, WISEs have evolved to target other disadvantaged and marginalized communities such as individuals suffering from homelessness, youth disconnected from both school and labor markets, formerly incarcerated individuals seeking reentry into employment, and welfare recipients required to work for benefits or as benefits are timed out. This article traces the historic evolution of the WISE sector. The review highlights the ways in which the organizational model has been adapted in response to shifting social constructions about appropriate level of integration and employment norms for disadvantaged groups as well as the changing nature of jobs in the entry level labor market. Further, this paper illustrates that newer (non-disability related) WISE organizational models have different resource generation strategies compared to the older WISE models, may be more exposed to market forces in their social business niches, and must contend with the increased vulnerabilities faced by workers in an era of welfare safety net erosion.

Time’s Up! Shorter Hours, Public Policy, and Time Flexibility as an Antidote to Youth Unemployment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Eva Maich ◽  
Jamie K. McCallum ◽  
Ari Grant-Sasson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work Scheduling

This chapter explores the relationship between hours of work and unemployment. When it comes to time spent working in the United States at present, two problems immediately come to light. First, an asymmetrical distribution of working time persists, with some people overworked and others underemployed. Second, hours are increasingly unstable; precarious on-call work scheduling and gig economy–style employment relationships are the canaries in the coal mine of a labor market that produces fewer and fewer stable jobs. It is possible that some kind of shorter hours movement, especially one that places an emphasis on young workers, has the potential to address these problems. Some policies and processes are already in place to transition into a shorter hours economy right now even if those possibilities are mediated by an anti-worker political administration.

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