Absolute Priority in the Aftermath of North LaSalle Street

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry E. Adler ◽  
George G. Triantis
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Priority

Setting Health-Care Priorities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Tännsjö
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Absolute Priority ◽  
Abstract Thought

The three most promising theories of distributive ethics are presented: Utilitarianism, with or without a prioritarian amendment. The maximin/leximin theory. Egalitarianism. Utilitarianism urges us to maximize the sum-total of happiness. When prioritarianism is added to utilitarianism we are instead urged to maximize a weighted sum of happiness, where happiness weighs less the happier you are and unhappiness weighs more the more miserable you are. The maximin/leximin theory urges us to give absolute priority to those who are worst off. Egalitarianism gives us two goals: to maximize happiness but also to level out differences with regard to happiness between persons. All of these theories are justifiable. In abstract thought experiments they conflict. When applied in real life they converge in an unexpected manner: more resources should be directed to mental health and less to marginal life extension. It is doubtful if the desired change will take place, however. What gets in its way is human irrationality.

scholarly journals Assignment model with multi-objective linear programming for allocating choice ranking using recurrent neural network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sadat Mirzazadeh ◽  
Javad Banihassan ◽  
Amin Mansoori
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Absolute Priority ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Assignment Method ◽  
Assignment Model ◽  
Decision Attributes ◽  
Linear Programming Problems ◽  
Linear Assignment

Classic linear assignment method is a multi-criteria decision-making approach in which criteria are weighted and each rank is assigned to a choice. In this study, to abandon the requirement of calculating the weight of criteria and use decision attributes prioritizing and also to be able to assign a rank to more than one choice, a multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) method is suggested. The objective function of MOLP is defined for each attribute and MOLP is solved based on absolute priority and comprehensive criteria methods. For solving the linear programming problems we apply a recurrent neural network (RNN). Indeed, the Lyapunov stability of the model is proved. Results of comparing the proposed method with TOPSIS, VICOR, and MOORA methods which are the most common multi-criteria decision schemes show that the proposed approach is more compatible with these methods.

INTERNATIONAL NEWS AND REPORTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-536
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Medical Association ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
International News ◽  
National Service ◽  
Absolute Priority ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Economic Necessity

A report published for the Socialist Medical Association of Great Britain regards reductions in mortality in the last 50 years as mainly due to improved living standards, the first fruits of a social revolution. For major causes of death and disability, however, there are still class differences of over 100% due to environmental and therefore removable handicaps. Improved medical services are important, but secondary. Since children now form only 20% of the population, economic necessity as well as social justice demand that protection and encouragement of child health should become an absolute priority in national service.

Welfarism, Libertarianism, and Fairness in the Economic Approach to Taxation

Taxation ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 37-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Fleurbaey
Keyword(s):  
Income Taxation ◽  
Fair Allocation ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Absolute Priority ◽  
Optimal Tax ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Utilitarian Approach ◽  
Selection Of

The economic theory of income taxation has recently been eager to apply philosophically prominent approaches to the selection of the optimal tax on earnings. This chapter presents and compares the consequentialist–utilitarian approach to taxation developed by Mirrlees and defended by Murphy and Nagel, to the fair allocation approach, as adapted to taxation problems by Fleurbaey and Maniquet. The fairness approach does retain an element of libertarianism and gives some value to market earnings. The two approaches have different recommendations for taxation, especially regarding low incomes, which are given absolute priority under the fairness approach, and may be submitted to lower tax rates out of respect for the diversity of preferences among the least skilled workers.

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