More Distance, More Remittance? Remitting Behaviour, Travel Costs and the Size of the Informal Channel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ferriani ◽  
Giacomo Oddo
Keyword(s):  
Travel Costs

Research on Hyperpaths in the Urban Rail Transit Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 1439-1443
Author(s):  
Jin Hai Li ◽  
Jian Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Distinctive Structure ◽  
Feasible Path ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Urban Rail Transit Network

Hyperpaths enumeration is one of the basic procedures in many traffic planning issues. As a result of its distinctive structure, hyperpaths in Urban Rail Transit Network (URTN) are different from those in road network. Typically, one may never visit a station more than once and would never transfer from one line to another that has been visited in a loopless URTN, meaning that stations a hyperpath traversed cannot be repeated, neither do lines in loopless networks. This paper studies the relationships between feasible path and the shortest path in terms of travel costs. In this paper, a new definition of hyperpath in URTN is proposed and a new algorithm based on the breadth first searching (BFS) method is presented to enumerate the hyperpaths. The algorithm can safely avoid hyperpath omission and can even be applied in networks containing loops as well. The influence of parameters on hyperpaths is studied by experimentally finding hyperpaths in the subway network in Beijing. A group of suggested parameter pairs are then given. Finally, a numerical experiment is used to illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm. The results imply the significance of the convergence of the BFS algorithm which can be used to search hyperpaths in large scale URTN even with loop.

scholarly journals How are patients with rare diseases and their carers in the UK impacted by the way care is coordinated? An exploratory qualitative interview study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Simpson ◽  
Lara Bloom ◽  
Naomi J. Fulop ◽  
Emma Hudson ◽  
Kerry Leeson-Beevers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Coordination ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Work ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Care coordination is considered important for patients with rare conditions, yet research addressing the impact of care coordination is limited. This study aimed to explore how care coordination (or lack of) impacts on patients and carers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients and carers/parents in the UK, representing a range of rare conditions (including undiagnosed conditions). Transcripts were analysed thematically in an iterative process. Results Participants described a range of experiences and views in relation to care coordination. Reports of uncoordinated care emerged: appointments were uncoordinated, communication between key stakeholders was ineffective, patients and carers were required to coordinate their own care, and care was not coordinated to meet the changing needs of patients in different scenarios. As a result, participants experienced an additional burden and barriers/delays to accessing care. The impacts described by patients and carers, either attributed to or exacerbated by uncoordinated care, included: impact on physical health (including fatigue), financial impact (including loss of earnings and travel costs), and psychosocial impact (including disruption to school, work and emotional burden). Overall data highlight the importance of flexible care, which meets individual needs throughout patients’/carers’ journeys. Specifically, study participants suggested that the impacts may be addressed by: having support from a professional to coordinate care, changing the approach of clinics and appointments (where they take place, which professionals/services are available and how they are scheduled), and improving communication through the use of technology, care plans, accessible points of contact and multi-disciplinary team working. Conclusion This study provides further evidence of impacts of uncoordinated care; these may be complex and influenced by a number of factors. Approaches to coordination which improve access to care and lessen the time and burden placed on patients and carers may be particularly beneficial. Findings should influence future service developments (and the evaluation of such developments). This will be achieved, in the first instance, by informing the CONCORD Study in the UK.

“Yes, I can hear you now …” Online working with probationers in the Netherlands: New opportunities for the working alliance

2021 ◽  
pp. 026455052110508
Author(s):  
Annelies Sturm ◽  
Sylvana Robbers ◽  
Renée Henskens ◽  
Vivienne de Vogel
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Working Alliance ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Remote Supervision ◽  
General Experience

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, online supervision has increased markedly, including within the Dutch probation services. In the present research, we systematically collected and analysed both clients and probation officers’ experiences of working online in the prior year. Although the clients were generally positive about remote supervision, some expressed that they missed the personal contact. According to most of the probation officers, remote working is flexible (efficient, saves time, travel costs), appropriate for certain phases of the probation process (especially at a later stage when a working alliance has been established) and particularly suitable for probationers with mild problems and low risk profiles. The general experience was that conversations are both more pragmatic and business-like, which, in turn, can produce both strengths and limitations. Once a foundation has been established, it appears to be possible to continue working remotely with clients, albeit the probation officers stressed that this depended on the type of client, type of offence and risk level.

Digital Technology: the Answer to the Art Historical Conundrum of A ccessibility?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Berry
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Art History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
The People ◽  
Accessibility Problem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

The famous anthropologist Pierre Bourdieu argued that there is an “unnatural idea of inborn culture, of a gift of culture, bestowed on certain people by Nature.” [1] Bourdieu is arguing that people, who have not been born into a higher class, or who cannot receive a high level of education, are unable to appreciate and understand art. The study of art history is expensive, and often involves extremely high travel costs, thus making it inaccessible to anybody who does not enjoy the means to pursue it. How can we address this accessibility problem in the study of art history? Is there any way to bring art to the people who do not possess “inborn culture?” Bourdieu wrote his book on art and class in 1984, at a time when the computer, and its democratizing potential, was a new and little -understood invention. My research proposes that modern technology provides an answer to this problem, which has plagued the discipline of art history. This presentation will examine three research projects that I’ve been working on at Queen’s. Each project uses digital technologies to improve the general public’s knowledge and access to art. The projects are all different: the first focuses on creating a digital model of 18th - century Canterbury Cathedral based on a book from W.D. Jordan Rare Books and Special Collections, the second project works on understanding Herstmonceux Castle and medieval England through technology, and the third involves image processing for art historical investigations. Despite their differences, each project makes art accessible to people who do not possess Bourdieu’s definition of “inborn culture.”        

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Effectiveness of e-learning in Corporate Training Programs

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith B. Strother
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Corporate Training ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Traditional Classroom Instruction ◽  
Time Away

<P class=abstract>Corporate managers are constantly looking for more cost-effective ways to deliver training to their employees. E-learning is less expensive than traditional classroom instruction. In addition, many expenses - booking training facilities, travel costs for employees or trainers, plus employee time away from the job - are greatly reduced. However, some firms that have spent large amounts of money on new e-learning efforts have not received the desired economic advantages. </P>

Distance traveled to polling locations: Are travel costs imposed equally on party members?

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Nick Joslyn ◽  
Andrew Bilbo ◽  
Jack Arndt ◽  
Heidi Berger ◽  
Mark Joslyn
Keyword(s):  
Travel Costs ◽  
Party Members

scholarly journals 170 Social and Environmental Benefits of Virtual Fracture Clinics in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery: Reduced Patient Travel Time, Patient Cost and Air Pollutant Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Fort ◽  
H Hughes ◽  
U Khan ◽  
A Glynn
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Patient Cost ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Patient Travel ◽  
Travel Burden

Abstract Aim Several papers have analysed the clinical benefits and safety of Virtual Fracture Clinics (VFCs). A significant increase in the use of Trauma and Orthopaedic (T&O) VFCs was seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the social impact of VFCs on the travel burden and travel costs of T&O patients, as well as the potential environmental benefits in relation to fuel consumption and travel-related pollutant emissions. Method All patients referred for T&O VFC review from March 2020 to June 2020 were retrospectively analysed. The travel burden and environmental impacts of hypothetical face-to-face consultations were compared with these VFC reviews. The primary outcomes measured were patient travel time saved, patient travel distance saved, patient cost savings and reduction in air-pollutant emissions. Results Over a four-month period, 1359 VFC consultations were conducted. The average travel distance saved by VFC review was 88.6 kilometres (range 3.3-615), with an average of 73 minutes (range 9-390) of travel-time saved. Patients consumed, on average, 8.2 litres (range 0.3-57.8) less fuel and saved an average of €11.02 (range 0.41-76.59). The average reduction in air-pollutant vehicle emissions, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxides and volatile organic compounds was 20.3 kilograms (range 0.8-140.8), 517.3 grams (g) (range 19.3-3592.3), 38.1g (range 1.4-264.8) and 56.9g (range 2.1-395.2), respectively. Conclusions VFCs reduce patient travel distance, travel time and travel costs. In addition, VFCs confer significant environmental benefits through reduced fuel consumption and reduction of harmful environmental emissions.

scholarly journals Exit, Voice and Political Change: Evidence from Swedish Mass Migration to the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounir Karadja ◽  
Erik Prawitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Initial Wave ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Welfare Expenditures ◽  
Using Data

We study the political effects of mass emigration to the United States in the nineteenth century using data from Sweden. To instrument for total emigration over several decades, we exploit severe local frost shocks that sparked an initial wave of emigration, interacted with within-country travel costs. Our estimates show that emigration substantially increased the local demand for political change, as measured by labor movement membership, strike participation, and voting. Emigration also led to de facto political change, increasing welfare expenditures as well as the likelihood of adopting more inclusive political institutions.

scholarly journals Service quality of transit and demand-supply forecasting for ride-hailing in the Jakarta Greater Area, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gito Sugiyanto ◽  
◽  
Yanto Yanto ◽  
Aris Wibowo ◽  
Teguh Wiji Astoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Supply Model ◽  
Better Than

The extensive use of smartphones by individuals has led innovators to develop application-based transportation services. Ride-hailing systems have been extensively operated in more than 600 cities worldwide. With the competition between taxis and ride-hailing, the number of fleets must be regulated. Identifying factors that influence the demand of taxi and ride-hailing and how the quality transit service is very important. The aims of this research are to identify the factors that influence demand for taxis and ride-hailing and the service quality of taxis and ride-hailing service. The study identified socio-demographic and trip characteristics from 949 respondents in the Jakarta Greater area, Indonesia. Respondents interviewed about the waiting time, travel time and travel costs for the origin-destination of trips that are most often done using taxi, ride-hailing, and bus. The service quality of ride-hailing and taxi was analyzed based on the respondent’s preferences from an important-performance analysis survey. The forecasting demand of taxi and ride-hailing in the Jakarta Greater area using demand-supply model is 71,660 vehicles. The research findings are that service quality of ride-hailing is better than conventional taxis based on waiting time, travel time and travel cost variable.

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