Optimization of Price, Default Ratio and Capital Under Regulatory Criterion of Maximizing Social Benefit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Mao ◽  
Zhongkai Wen
Keyword(s):  
Social Benefit ◽  
Regulatory Criterion

Optimization of Price, Default Ratio and Capital under Regulatory Criterion of Maximizing Social Benefit

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Mao ◽  
Zhongkai Wen
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Optimal Price ◽  
Welfare Maximization ◽  
Social Welfare Maximization ◽  
Regulatory Criterion ◽  
Direct Regulation

Abstract In this paper, we explore the optimal price, default ratio, and capital for insurance companies under social welfare maximization from regulators' perspective. From comparisons of cases under symmetric and asymmetric information in the insurance market, we find that an optimal regulatory objective should be set to maximize social benefit and induce fair benefit distribution in a transparent insurance market, and direct regulation on capital constraint can increase insurance demand and shareholders' benefits in a non-transparent market.

scholarly journals Citizen science as a tool for arboviral vector surveillance in a resourced-constrained setting: results of a pilot study in Honiara, Solomon Islands, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam T. Craig ◽  
Nathan Kama ◽  
George Fafale ◽  
Hugo Bugoro
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Project Staff ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract Background Recent arboviral disease outbreaks highlight the value a better understanding of the spread of disease-carrying mosquitoes across spatial-temporal scales can provide. Traditional surveillance tools are limited by jurisdictional boundaries, workforce constraints, logistics, and cost; factors that in low- and middle-income countries often conspire to undermine public health protection efforts. To overcome these, we undertake a pilot study designed to explore if citizen science provides a feasible strategy for arboviral vector surveillance in small developing Pacific island contexts. Methods We recruited, trained, and equipped community volunteers to trap and type mosquitos within their household settings, and to report count data to a central authority by short-message-service. Mosquito catches were independently assessed to measure participants’ mosquito identification accuracy. Other data were collected to measure the frequency and stability of reporting, and volunteers’ experiences. Results Participants collected data for 78.3% of the study period, and agreement between the volunteer citizen scientists’ and the reviewing entomologist’s mosquito identification was 94%. Opportunity to contribute to a project of social benefit, the chance to learn new skills, and the frequency of engagement with project staff were prime motivators for participation. Unstable electricity supply (required to run the trap’s fan), insufficient personal finances (to buy electricity and phone credit), and inconvenience were identified as barriers to sustained participation. Conclusions While there are challenges to address, our findings suggest that citizen science offers an opportunity to overcome the human resource constraints that conspire to limit health authorities’ capacity to monitor arboviral vectors across populations. We note that the success of citizen science-based surveillance is dependent on the appropriate selection of equipment and participants, and the quality of engagement and support provided.

scholarly journals Preparing Education Students for an International Future? Connecting Students’ Experience to Institutional Contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 102831532199849
Author(s):  
Nafsika Alexiadou ◽  
Zoi Kefala ◽  
Linda Rönnberg
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Intercultural Understanding ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Internationalization At Home

This article focuses on “internationalization at home” (IaH) for education students in Swedish Universities and its significance for their professional formation and future practice. We draw on research in two large institutions and explore the perceptions and experiences of internationalization of home students in education. We find that while the “intercultural” understanding of students is well developed, the international and intercultural dimensions of experiencing IaH are limited, due to several institutional and learning environment contexts. This has consequences for the social dimensions of future teaching practice. In addition, the perception of the discipline as “national” is significant in shaping the outlook of students toward international questions and their own future personal and professional mobility. We contextualize these findings using documentary analysis and staff interviews, and argue that to achieve intercultural and international learning environments of quality, social relevance, and long-term social benefit, we need to rethink how internationalization perspectives are integrated in teacher education courses.

Study on a Practical Case of Cleaner Production Audit

2012 ◽  
Vol 424-425 ◽  
pp. 1334-1337
Author(s):  
Rong Jun Su
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Through the extensive research and deep analysis of existing problems in cleaner production, four middle/high expense plans were set forth, demonstrated and implemented. These four implement plans included high efficient steam traps, energy saving system of steam boiler, improved sewage treatment facilities and vacuum raw material feeder. The total investment was 330 thousand Yuan RMB. The annual discharge of waste water was reduced by about 30 thousand tons and annual economic profit was 680 thousand Yuan RMB. Moreover, better environmental and social benefit was created. More importantly, a sustainable cleaner production mechanism was established for the factory.

The Pathway Analysis on Benefit of Agricultural Science and Technology Projects (ASTP) Based on Logical Framework Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 1642-1648
Author(s):  
Chun Mei Wang ◽  
Bao Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Logical Framework ◽  
Ecological Benefit ◽  
Research Investment ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Research Achievement

Research achievements of the ASTP Policy-Oriented cannot generate directly economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit. It would realize benefit of ASTP only if the outputs can be transformed practical productive forces. In this paper, the mechanism and pathway of achieving benefit of ASTP is analyzed deeply based on the logical framework model. Then the empirical studies shows that the inputs (research investment) have positive correlation with outputs (research achievement), extension and outcomes (changes in productivity). Although the inputs have a certain influence to agricultural economics, it mainly affects indirectly agricultural development by research achievements and extension. Therefore, the benefits of ASTP should not be evaluated according by inputs/outputs methods. We must analyze and assess the anticipated chain of cause/effect relationships of ASTP based on the program “theory-driven” approach. It can promote agricultural research and extension projects to integrated closely, at the same time the benefit of ASTP can be improved greatly.

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