The Political Externalities of Institutional Exclusion: Preferential Trade Agreements and Political Relations with Third Party States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Adrian Castle
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Political ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Political Relations

Endogenous Preferential Trade Agreements: An Empirical Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S Magee
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
The Political ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Regional Agreements

Abstract This paper provides one of the first assessments of the hypothesis that two countries are more likely to form a preferential trade agreement (PTA) if they are already major trading partners. The paper also tests a number of predictions from the political economy literature about which countries are expected to form regional agreements. The results show that countries are more likely to be preferential trading partners if they have significant bilateral trade, are similar in size, and are both democracies. Finally, the paper measures the effect of preferential agreements on trade volumes while, unlike previous studies, treating PTA formation as endogenous.

TINJAUAN THIRD PARTY INVOICING - ACFTA PADA KPU BEA CUKAI TANJUNG PRIOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Tri Wahyudi ◽  
Wing Hartopo
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
Preferential Trade

Dengan meningkatnya kompleksitas hubungan kerjasama dan perdagangan antar negara ataupun kawasan, terutama kerjasama berdasarkan perjanjian perdagangan preferensial (preferential trade agreements) yang telah diratifikasi pemerintah Indonesia, maka semakin meningkat pula peran rules of origin. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus untuk menganalisis pemeriksaan third party invocing, sebagai bagian dari rules of origin, pada SKA ACFTA oleh Pejabat Fungsional Pemeriksaan Dokumen (PFPD). Penelitian ini menghasilkan simpulan, yaitu dalam penelitian atas SKA ACFTA Third Party Invoicing, PFPD memerlukan dokumen pendukung tambahan; dalam hal terjadi ketidaksinkronan antara data dalam SKA tersebut dengan data dokumen pendukung, PFPD perlu melakukan retroactive check; dalam hal arsip database rejection dan retroactive check; staf arsip belum melakukan secara terstruktur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian tersebut, maka disampaikan saran kepada KPU menyusun database rejection atau retroactive check secara terstruktur sehingga mudah untuk dilakukan analisis, kemudian kepada PFPD agar melakukan analisis bisnis menurut Alexandra (2013) dan prosedur penelitian SKA sesuai panduan WCO terutama terhadap SKA dengan skema third party invoicing, dan kepada Direktorat KIAL agar mengkompilasi kasus-kasus SKA third party dari KPU maupun Kantor Bea Cukai lainnya sebagai referensi dan dibahas dalam pertemuan ACFTA.

Subsidies Regulation Beyond the WTO

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Borlini
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Negative Function ◽  
Public Aid ◽  
The Eu

An increasingly important aspect of EU trade policy since the lifting of its self-imposed moratorium on preferential trade agreements (PTAs) has been the inclusion of WTO+ provisions on subsidies in bilateral agreements negotiated with a number of third countries. This article covers the main bilateral PTAs negotiated after the publication of the Commission’s Communication on ‘Global Europe’ in order to explore the implications of the different subsidy disciplines they set out. It also discusses the questions that arise when examining the legal discipline of public aid provided by such agreements, regarding not only the substantive appropriateness of standards and rules on compatibility, but also the procedural mechanisms designed to guarantee the implementation and the enforcement of such rules. It concludes that the most advanced among the EU PTAs are shaped as competition regulation and go beyond a mere negative function, ensuring that subsidies can contribute to fundamental public goals.

Preferential Trade Agreements as Stumbling Blocks for Multilateral Trade Liberalization: Evidence for the United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 896-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Limão
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Multilateral Trade Liberalization ◽  
Tariff Reductions

Most countries are members of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). The effect of these agreements has attracted much interest and raised the question of whether PTAs promote or slow multilateral trade liberalization, i.e., whether they are a “building block” or “stumbling block” to multilateral liberalization. Despite this long-standing concern with PTAs and the lack of theoretical consensus, there is no systematic evidence on whether they are actually a stumbling block to multilateral liberalization. We use detailed data on U.S. multilateral tariffs to provide the first systematic evidence that the direct effect of PTAs was to generate a stumbling block to its MTL. We also provide evidence of reciprocity in multilateral tariff reductions.

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