The Impact of the Great Recession of 2009 to 12 on the US Tourism Industry and Firm Performance

Chapter 6 examines the long-term effects of international soft law on policy in the United States since 2008. The extent and type of post-crisis US cooperation with foreign jurisdictions have varied considerably with far-reaching ramifications for international financial markets. Focusing on the international interaction of reforms in banking and derivatives, the chapter uses the book’s approach to understand US regulation in the wake of the Great Recession. The authors attribute seemingly random variation in the US relationship to foreign regulation and markets to differences in pre-crisis international soft law. Here, the existence (or absence) of robust soft law and standard-creating institutions determines the resources available to policy entrepreneurs as well as their orientation and attitudes toward international cooperation. Soft law plays a central role in the evolution of US regulatory reform and its interface with the rest of the world.

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Preventing NEETs during the Great Recession: the effects of mandatory activation programs for young welfare recipients

Empirical Economics ◽

10.1007/s00181-021-02018-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emile Cammeraat ◽

Egbert Jongen ◽

Pierre Koning

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Great Recession ◽

Economic Recession ◽

Welfare Recipients ◽

Employment Effects ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Employment Education ◽

The Impact

AbstractWe study the impact of mandatory activation programs for young welfare recipients in the Netherlands. What makes this reform unique is that it clashed head on with the Great Recession. We use differences-in-differences and data for the period 1999–2012 to estimate the effects of this reform. We find that the reform reduced the number of welfare recipients but had no effect on the number of NEETs (individuals not in employment, education or training). The absence of employment effects contrasts with previous studies on the impact of mandatory activation programs, which we argue is due to the reform taking place during a severe economic recession.

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Shock or Design: What Drives Fiscal De/Centralization? A Comparative Analysis of Twenty-Nine OECD Countries, 1995–2017

Publius The Journal of Federalism ◽

10.1093/publius/pjaa032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Tobias Arnold ◽

Sean Mueller ◽

Adrian Vatter

Keyword(s):

Crisis Management ◽

Great Recession ◽

Political System ◽

Multidimensional Approach ◽

New Paradigm ◽

The Great Recession ◽

The Past ◽

Fiscal Centralization ◽

The Impact ◽

Active Policy

Abstract Over the past decades, decentralization has become the new paradigm in how states should organize power territorially. Carefully planned institutional re-designs are the most visible expression thereof. Yet the Great Recession of 2007–2009 has pushed governments into the opposite direction, i.e., towards centralization, to better weather the fiscal drought. Given these contradictory developments, this article compares the effects of twenty-three separate state reforms with the impact of the Great Recession on fiscal centralization in twenty-nine countries over more than two decades. In the main, our analyses attribute a larger effect to design, i.e., pro-active policy making through reforms, than reactive crisis management after a great shock. However, this difference is only apparent once we consider a state’s institutional structure, that is whether a political system is unitary or federal. Our findings thus highlight the need for a multidimensional approach to better understand the drivers of fiscal de/centralization.

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The Great Recession, behavioral health, and self-rated health: An examination of racial/ethnic differences in the US

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106873 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 ◽

pp. 106873

Author(s):

Nina Mulia ◽

Yu Ye ◽

Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe ◽

Libo Li ◽

William C. Kerr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Health ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Great Recession ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

The Us ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Employment—The Case of the Wine Routes of Spain

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7164

Author(s):

Guillermo Vázquez Vicente ◽

Victor Martín Barroso ◽

Francisco José Blanco Jiménez

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Local Development ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Wine Tourism ◽

Development Tool ◽

The Us ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

Tourism has become a priority in national and regional development policies and is considered a source of economic growth, particularly in rural areas. Nowadays, wine tourism is an important form of tourism and has become a local development tool for rural areas. Regional tourism development studies based on wine tourism have a long history in several countries such as the US and Australia, but are more recent in Europe. Although Spain is a leading country in the tourism industry, with an enormous wine-growing tradition, the literature examining the economic impact of wine tourism in Spanish economy is scarce. In an attempt to fill this gap, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of wine tourism on economic growth and employment in Spain. More specifically, by applying panel data techniques, we study the economic impact of tourism in nine Spanish wine routes in the period from 2008 to 2018. Our results suggest that tourism in these wine routes had a positive effect on economic growth. However, we do not find clear evidence of a positive effect on employment generation.

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