The Nonpecuniary Costs of Adult Morbidity: Evidence from Children in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Soo Lim
Keyword(s):  
Adult Morbidity

Associations between childhood intelligence (IQ), adult morbidity and mortality

Maturitas ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alixe H.M. Kilgour ◽  
John M. Starr ◽  
Lawrence J. Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Adult Morbidity

scholarly journals Using Health Surveillance Systems Data to Assess the Impact of AIDS and Antiretroviral Treatment on Adult Morbidity and Mortality in Botswana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e100431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand Stoneburner ◽  
Eline Korenromp ◽  
Mark Lazenby ◽  
Jean-Michel Tassie ◽  
Judith Letebele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Adult Morbidity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The use of measures of obesity in childhood for predicting obesity and the development of obesity-related diseases in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (43) ◽  
pp. 1-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Simmonds ◽  
Jane Burch ◽  
Alexis Llewellyn ◽  
Claire Griffiths ◽  
Huiqin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Adult Morbidity

BackgroundIt is uncertain which simple measures of childhood obesity are best for predicting future obesity-related health problems and the persistence of obesity into adolescence and adulthood.ObjectivesTo investigate the ability of simple measures, such as body mass index (BMI), to predict the persistence of obesity from childhood into adulthood and to predict obesity-related adult morbidities. To investigate how accurately simple measures diagnose obesity in children, and how acceptable these measures are to children, carers and health professionals.Data sourcesMultiple sources including MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were searched from 2008 to 2013.MethodsSystematic reviews and a meta-analysis were carried out of large cohort studies on the association between childhood obesity and adult obesity; the association between childhood obesity and obesity-related morbidities in adulthood; and the diagnostic accuracy of simple childhood obesity measures. Study quality was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) and a modified version of the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. A systematic review and an elicitation exercise were conducted on the acceptability of the simple measures.ResultsThirty-seven studies (22 cohorts) were included in the review of prediction of adult morbidities. Twenty-three studies (16 cohorts) were included in the tracking review. All studies included BMI. There were very few studies of other measures. There was a strong positive association between high childhood BMI and adult obesity [odds ratio 5.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.50 to 6.02]. A positive association was found between high childhood BMI and adult coronary heart disease, diabetes and a range of cancers, but not stroke or breast cancer. The predictive accuracy of childhood BMI to predict any adult morbidity was very low, with most morbidities occurring in adults who were of healthy weight in childhood. Predictive accuracy of childhood obesity was moderate for predicting adult obesity, with a sensitivity of 30% and a specificity of 98%. Persistence of obesity from adolescence to adulthood was high. Thirty-four studies were included in the diagnostic accuracy review. Most of the studies used the least reliable reference standard (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); only 24% of studies were of high quality. The sensitivity of BMI for diagnosing obesity and overweight varied considerably; specificity was less variable. Pooled sensitivity of BMI was 74% (95% CI 64.2% to 81.8%) and pooled specificity was 95% (95% CI 92.2% to 96.4%). The acceptability to children and their carers of BMI or other common simple measures was generally good.LimitationsLittle evidence was available regarding childhood measures other than BMI. No individual-level analysis could be performed.ConclusionsChildhood BMI is not a good predictor of adult obesity or adult disease; the majority of obese adults were not obese as children and most obesity-related adult morbidity occurs in adults who had a healthy childhood weight. However, obesity (as measured using BMI) was found to persist from childhood to adulthood, with most obese adolescents also being obese in adulthood. BMI was found to be reasonably good for diagnosing obesity during childhood. There is no convincing evidence suggesting that any simple measure is better than BMI for diagnosing obesity in childhood or predicting adult obesity and morbidity. Further research on obesity measures other than BMI is needed to determine which is the best tool for diagnosing childhood obesity, and new cohort studies are needed to investigate the impact of contemporary childhood obesity on adult obesity and obesity-related morbidities.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013005711.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

Population-Based Studies of Varicella Complications

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-727
Author(s):  
H. A. Guess ◽  
D. D. Broughton ◽  
L. J. Melton ◽  
L. T. Kurland
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neurologic Complication ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Physician Office ◽  
Acute Cerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Adult Morbidity ◽  
Varicella Pneumonia

Population-based data on vanicella complications are presented using information both from national sample surveys of hospitalizations and physician office visits and from reviews of medical records for all cases occurring within one community (Olmsted County, Minnesota) during a specified period. Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common neurologic complication of varicella and occurs about once in 4,000 vanicella cases among children younger than 15 years of age. Among adults, varicella pneumonia is the most common complication and results in hospitalization about once in every 400 varicella cases. Overall, varicella accounts for approximately 4,000 hospitalizations and 364,000 physician office visits annually in the United States and represents an important continuing source of childhood and adult morbidity.

scholarly journals Association of Age, Systolic Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate with Adult Morbidity and Mortality after Urgent Care Visits

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hart ◽  
Michael Woodruff ◽  
Elizabeth Joy ◽  
Joseph Dalto ◽  
Gregory Snow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Adult Morbidity

No evidence of programmed late-life mortality in the Finnish famine cohort

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Saxton ◽  
A. Falconi ◽  
S. Goldman-Mellor ◽  
R. Catalano
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Nutritional Deficits ◽  
Adult Morbidity

The developmental origins hypothesis suggests that morbidity and premature mortality arise, in part, from adverse exposures in utero and early in development. Evidence suggests a connection between early nutritional deficits and adult morbidity; however, the effects on mortality have been less well studied and previous studies provide conflicting results. We extracted Finnish birth cohort death rates from the Human Mortality Database. Our test asks whether men or women born during the 1867–1868 Great Finnish Famine exhibited death rates in old age different from expected, based on death rates among Finnish cohorts born 1818–1866. We found no support for the argument that exposure to the Finnish famine in utero induced excess mortality from age 60 to 89 in either men or women. Our results suggest that the Finnish famine did not induce, via epigenetic changes or any other mechanism, premature mortality in older age among exposed individuals.

scholarly journals Seasonal challenges of tropical bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in temperate zones

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Weinberg ◽  
Omer Mazar ◽  
Sohpie Goutnik ◽  
Lee Harten ◽  
Michal Handel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Adult Morbidity

Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) manage to survive and flourish in a large geographic range despite the variability of natural and anthropogenic conditions in this range. To examine the challenges faced by free-ranging R. aegyptiacus living at the northern edge of their distribution, we performed a retrospective analysis of ~1500 clinical cases reported by a bat rescue NGO over 25 months, from all over Israel. All cases of injured or stranded bats were evaluated and categorized according to date, place, sex, age, and etiology of the morbidity. The analysis of the data showed an increase in all types of morbidity during the wintertime, with more than twice the number of cases in comparison with the summertime, over two consecutive years. Moreover, we found that the number of abandoned pups peaks during spring till autumn when adult morbidity is minimal. We characterize two prominent types of previously undescribed morbidity in R. aegyptiacus, one in the form of bacterial illness, and the other associated with feet deformation which affects bats in addition to major anthropogenic-related threats related to synanthropic predators. We analyze the reasons driving winter morbidity and conclude that winter weather and specifically low temperature best explains this morbidity. We hypothesize that R. aegyptiacus, a fruit-bat of tropical origin is facing major seasonal difficulties near the northern edge of its distribution, probably limiting its further spread northward.

scholarly journals Selection of PPI in a comorbid patient with NSAIDgastroesophagopathy: case study

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
I. G. Pakhomova
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Adult Morbidity ◽  
Selection Of

Over the past decades, there have been significant changes in the structure of adult morbidity. Clinicians are increasingly faced with the problems of combined pathology and development of comorbidity, as well as to solve the issues of rational tactics of management of such patients. Polypragmasia due to comorbidity leads to a sharp increase in the probability of developing systemic and undesirable effects of drugs, while prolonged use of several drugs can lead to the development of complications that develop into independent nosological forms, which is especially important in older age groups. The most common forms of comorbidity in the elderly are in one or another combination of the following diseases: hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, diseases of the musculoskeletal system. It is known that the leading place in the relief of pain in the latter is occupied by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the use of which can be prolonged and induce the development of serious gastrotoxic reactions. Well studied and described NSAIDs-induced gastropathy, which, in most cases, is asymptomatic even in the presence of erosive and ulcerative changes. However, NSAIDs may be associated with the emergence of various dyspeptic complaints and lesions of the esophagus, which can be viewed in the framework of NSAID-associated esophageal, especially relevant in older patients. The article deals with the problem of comorbidity, polypragmasia, therapeutic tactics in the management of comorbid patients with NSAIDsesophagogastropathy and the possibility of prescribing for the prevention and treatment of not only effective, but also safe means of correction of these clinical and endoscopic manifestations.

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