Drivers, Riders and Service Providers: The Impact of the Sharing Economy on Mobility

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Benjaafar ◽  
Harald Bernhard ◽  
Costas Courcoubetis
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
The Impact

Drivers, Riders, and Service Providers: The Impact of the Sharing Economy on Mobility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Benjaafar ◽  
Harald Bernhard ◽  
Costas Courcoubetis ◽  
Michail Kanakakis ◽  
Spyridon Papafragkos
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Ride Sharing ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Nonatomic Game ◽  
Payoff Functions ◽  
The Impact

It is widely believed that ride sharing, the practice of sharing a car such that more than one person travels in the car during a journey, has the potential to significantly reduce traffic by filling up cars more efficiently. We introduce a model in which individuals may share rides for a certain fee, paid by the rider(s) to the driver through a ride-sharing platform. Collective decision making is modeled as an anonymous nonatomic game with a finite set of strategies and payoff functions among individuals who are heterogeneous in their income. We examine how ride sharing is organized and how traffic and ownership are affected if a platform, which chooses the seat rental price to maximize either revenue or welfare, is introduced to a population. We find that the ratio of ownership to usage costs determines how ride sharing is organized. If this ratio is low, ride sharing is offered as a peer-to-peer (P2P) service, and if this ratio is high, ride sharing is offered as a business-to-customer (B2C) service. In the P2P case, rides are initiated by drivers only when the drivers need to fulfill their own transportation requirements. In the B2C case, cars are driven all the time by full-time drivers taking rides even if these are not motivated by their private needs. We show that, although the introduction of ride sharing may reduce car ownership, it can lead to an increase in traffic. We also show that traffic and ownership may increase as the ownership cost increases and that a revenue-maximizing platform might prefer a situation in which cars are driven with only a few seats occupied, causing high traffic. We contrast these results with those obtained for a social welfare-maximizing platform. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.

scholarly journals The sharing economy and management of a sustainable environment in the tourism sector on a global scale

Turyzm ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Ruhet Genç
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Collaborative Consumption ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Impact

The paper will discuss the impact of development of sharing economy on ecological sustainability for the tourism sector at global scale since the main focus in the literature is generally limited to economic and social impacts. It will provide a mathematical model in order to measure the impact of the sharing economy on the welfare of individuals who take part in particular tourism destinations as well as providing benefits for other individuals as a positive external outlook. The development of the model will be dependent on the findings obtained in this study. The results will show that the sharing economy together with collaborative consumption in the tourism sector is an increasing trend in global economy that contributes to ecological sustainability as well. By sharing the means of production, transportation, communication etc both tourists and service providers are capable of decreasing their ecological footprints. In conclusion the paper will contribute to the literature by filling a gap with respect to the lack of connection between environmental sustainability and sharing economy in tourism sector.

Competition Between Two-Sided Platforms Under Demand and Supply Congestion Effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Bernstein ◽  
Gregory A. DeCroix ◽  
N. Bora Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Ride Sharing ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Customers ◽  
Congestion Effects

Problem definition: This paper explores the impact of competition between platforms in the sharing economy. Examples include the cases of Uber and Lyft in the context of ride-sharing platforms. In particular, we consider competition between two platforms that offer a common service (e.g., rides) through a set of independent service providers (e.g., drivers) to a market of customers. Each platform sets a price that is charged to customers for obtaining the service provided by a driver. A portion of that price is paid to the driver who delivers the service. Both customers’ and drivers’ utilities are sensitive to the payment terms set by the platform and are also sensitive to congestion in the system (given by the relative number of customers and drivers in the market). We consider two possible settings. The first one, termed “single-homing,” assumes that drivers work through a single platform. In the second setting, termed “multihoming” (or “multiapping,” as it is known in practice), drivers deliver their service through both platforms. Academic/practical relevance: This is one of the first papers to study competition and multihoming in the presence of congestion effects typically observed in the sharing economy. We leverage the model to study some practical questions that have received significant press attention (and stirred some controversies) in the ride-sharing industry. The first involves the issue of surge pricing. The second involves the increasingly common practice of drivers choosing to operate on multiple platforms (multihoming). Methodology: We formulate our problem as a pricing game between two platforms and employ the concept of a Nash equilibrium to analyze equilibrium outcomes in various settings. Results: In both the single-homing and multihoming settings, we study the equilibrium prices that emerge from the competitive interaction between the platforms and explore the supply and demand outcomes that can arise at equilibrium. We build on these equilibrium results to study the impact of surge pricing in response to a surge in demand and to examine the incentives at play when drivers engage in multihoming. Managerial implications: We find that raising prices in response to a surge in demand makes drivers and customers better off than if platforms were constrained to charge the same prices that would arise under normal demand levels. We also compare drivers’ and customers’ performance when all drivers either single-home or multihome. We find that although individual drivers may have an incentive to multihome, all players are worse off when all drivers multihome. We conclude by proposing an incentive mechanism to discourage multihoming.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Environmental Impact of Car Sharing in Consideration of Uncertainty of Influential Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-983
Author(s):  
Katsuya Tsuji ◽  
◽  
Kiyo Kurisu ◽  
Jun Nakatani ◽  
Yuichi Moriguchi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
New Production ◽  
Rebound Effects ◽  
The Impact

Sustainable production and consumption are categorized as target 12 in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. The “sharing economy” has been developing globally as a new consumption style, and it is often recognized as being environmentally friendly by both consumers and service providers. Several aspects of the practice, such as the avoidance of new production, can reduce the impact to the environment. However, additional factors, such as the expansion of consumption, namely rebound effects, can increase the impact to the environment. Although many variables exist to determine the total impact of sharing services on the environment, additional and rebound effects and the uncertainty of influential variables have not been well considered. In this study, we aim to reveal the conditions that car-sharing practices place in increasing or decreasing environmental loads, and to identify the significant influential factors on the environment imposed by car-sharing services. We analyze the CO2 emission of car sharing by considering various influential factors and their distributions. Furthermore, we consider differences in car size, fuel type, ownership condition, and several other factors in the simulation. The distribution of each variable is determined, and a Monte Carlo simulation is conducted. The CO2 emissions from the production and operational stages over a 10-y period are estimated. The simulation is conducted with sensitivity analysis to identify the variables that contribute significantly to the total CO2 emission. In some cases, the CO2 emission involved in car sharing exceeded cases in which car sharing is not practiced. Among those cases, although the main contributor to the total CO2 emission is in the operational stage, CO2 emission from the production stage increased the amount of emission. It is discovered that the number of cars increased significantly during the target 10 y after sharing is introduced in some cases. These results indicate a high probability that car sharing can achieve CO2 reduction, but the increase in CO2 emission can occur under certain conditions. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis shows that the main determinants of CO2 emission are the ratio of people who eliminated their private cars, degree of rebound effect, and increasing ratio of number of cars introduced to car-sharing practices. This suggests that whether car sharing becomes environmentally friendly depends substantially on consumer behavior and the manner in which sharing services are operated.

scholarly journals Shared accommodation as a globalization trend in tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Miroslava Kostková
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Traditional Service ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
Tourist Accommodation ◽  
The Impact

Modern tourism trends have a distinctly global character. They include the use of online tourism service platforms and the sharing of services based on sharing economy. Governments and municipalities create regulatory measures to operate in accordance with the destination’s municipal, financial, security, and tourism interests to ensure transparency and a level playing field for entrepreneurship. The paper deals with this global trend in the field of the accommodation services through the Airbnb platform in the Czech Republic and in the Silesian Moravian Region, in the use and provision of tourist accommodation services and identification of the impact on tourism development and tourist attendance the destination, within the project Trends of tourism in the Moravian-Silesian Region, using the methods of marketing research. The results declare that shared economy platforms in the field of accommodation have a place in the modern economic system, they put competitive pressure on tourism service providers, the offer expands for the consumers and traditional service providers force to move to innovative concepts. The hoteliers want to offer the creation of standards that the sharing accommodation providers should follow and public administration and city representatives want to clearly describe the duties for each accommodation provider and regulate accommodation through Airbnb.

Principles for sharing economy formation in the digital society

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-821
Author(s):  
E.V. Popov ◽  
K.A. Semyachkov
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses economic relations that are formed in various areas of economic application of digital platforms. The target of the research is the modern economy of digital platforms across different economic activities. Objectives. The aim is to systematize principles for share economy formation in the context of the digital society development. Methods. We employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The study shows that the development of digital platforms is one of the most important trends in the development of the modern economy. We classified certain characteristic features of modern digital platforms, analyzed principles for their creation. The paper emphasizes that the network effects achieved through the use of digital platforms are an important factor in the development of the share economy. The network effect describes the impact of the number of the platform users on the value created for each of them. The paper also considers differences in the organization of traditional economy companies and companies that are based on the digital platform model, reveals specifics of changes in socio-economic systems caused by the development of digital platforms, systematizes principles of the sharing economy formation in the context of the digital society development. Conclusions. The analyzed principles for sharing economy development on the basis of digital platforms can be applied to create models for the purpose of forecasting the transformation of economic activity in the post-industrial society.

O Direito do Trabalho (des)conectado nas plataformas digitais

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-266
Author(s):  
Murilo Carvalho Sampaio Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conditions Of Work

RESUMO:Este artigo trata dos impactos das plataformas digitais no Direito do Trabalho, tomando como exemplo sintomático o padrão da plataforma Uber. Inicia discutindo o cenário da economia digital e suas transformações nos modos de organizar a atividade empresarial, caracterizando a disrupção destas tecnologias e examinando criticamente se tais inovações situam-se realmente no discurso de economia do compartilhamento. Adiante, aborda as condições fáticas das plataformas de trabalho, questionando a dimensão formal-jurídica de liberdade e a condição econômica de hipossuficiência. Examina o caso da Uber como paradigma do modelo de organização empresarial desta economia digital e a situação dos seus motoristas tidos como parceiros para, ao final, pontuar algumas conclusões a cerca da necessidade do Direito Trabalho estar conectado com essas novas relações sociaisABSTRACT:This article deals with the impact of digital platforms in Labor Law, taking as a symptomatic example the standards of the Uber platform. It begins by discussing the the digital economy scenario and its transformations in the way business activity organize itself, characterizing the disruption of these technologies and critically examining whether such innovations are really part of the sharing economy speech. Hereinafter, it addresses the factual conditions of work platforms, questioning the formal-legal dimension of freedom and the economic condition of hypo-sufficiency. It examines the case of Uber as a paradigm of a business model organization in the digital economy and the situation of its drivers, taken as partners in order to, in the end of it, point some conclusions about the need of Labor Law to be connected with these new social relationships.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document