Beliefs and Economic Growth: Cross-National Evidence Based on the World Values Survey (WVS)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuguang Jiang ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross National

Income Measures in Cross-National Surveys: Problems and Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Donnelly ◽  
Grigore Pop-Eleches
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Public Opinion Survey ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
The World ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Income Measure ◽  
Cross National

Comparable household income measures are crucial for most social science analyses of cross-national public opinion survey data. However, income questions in many cross-national surveys suffer from comparability and interpretability limitations that have not been adequately addressed by the existing literature. In this article, we examine the income measure in one major survey, the World Values Survey (WVS), arguing that a variety of problems arise when drawing inferences—descriptive or causal, individual or aggregate—using the standard ten-category measure. We then propose and implement a number of corrections to these potential biases and present a series of diagnostics that confirm the importance of our proposed corrections. We conclude by documenting some of the same challenges in the income measures used in other cross-national surveys. The accompanying data set can be merged with the WVS to make better use of the income measure.

scholarly journals Keeping Keeping New Zealand in the World Values Survey, 1985-2019:

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Paul Perry ◽  
Polly Yeung
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Views ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

A brief review of the World Values Survey (WVS) is presented. Seven waves of the survey have occurred since the 1980’s, in between 50 and 80 different countries, using a common questionnaire of several hundred items covering a wide range of social and political views.  The WVS in New Zealand is then described, having completed six waves between 1985 and the latest survey in 2019. New Zealand social researchers are urged to make use of the WVS data, which is freely available on the WVS website, for all waves. WVS data can be used for cross-national comparisons, examining issues within New Zealand and to consider changes in social views over time.  Examples of some the most evident social trends over time in New Zealand are presented.  These include increasing environmental concern, social tolerance, support for gender equality, and increasing value placed on the Treaty of Waitangi. Declines can be seen in religiosity, active participation in some types of voluntary organisations, a willingness to fight for the country and the use of traditional media as a source of news. Several illustrative cross-national comparisons are also presented including a dramatic difference in attitudes towards migrants between New Zealand and Australia.

Individualization in Europe and America: Connecting Religious and Moral Values

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 203-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Cochrane ◽  
Neil Nevitte
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
North American ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
The World ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Cross National

AbstractAfter reviewing the major variations in how individualization is interpreted and explained, this article turns to the World Values Survey (WVS) data to empirically investigate one central aspect of individualization, namely, the connection between religiosity and moral values. That analysis demonstrates, first, that rates of decline in levels of religiosity in most advanced industrial states have been quite modest. The rate of change in moral outlooks, by contrast, has been much more striking. Those two core findings, we argue, draw attention to the question of what explains these cross-national and cross-time variations. The remainder of the article empirically explores a variety of plausible explanations. The results of that analysis reveal not only significant variations between European and North American publics, but also that associational behavior plays a significant role in gearing the dynamics of individualization.

The Extension of Particularized Trust to Generalized and Out-Group Trust: The Constraining Role of Collectivism

Social Forces ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1801-1828
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Glanville ◽  
Qianyi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Central Line ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Trust ◽  
Cross National

Abstract A central line of inquiry into the sources of generalized trust concerns how particularized trust (trust in known others) extends to generalized trust (default expectations about the trustworthiness of people in general). While we know that there is considerable cross-national variability in the strength of the relationship between particularized and generalized trust, little is known about the contextual factors that shape the degree to which particularized trust spills over to more diffuse forms of trust. We argue that collectivism plays a key role in the extension of trust. The nature of social interactions in low collectivism societies is conducive to the trust and distrust built up within social interactions extending to generalized and out-group trust, whereas high levels of collectivism should dampen the ability of particularized trust to extend. Analyzing data on over 52,000 respondents from 39 countries from Waves 5 and 6 of the World Values Survey, we find that the predicted effects particularized trust on generalized and out-group trust are substantially smaller in more collectivist countries. Our results also suggest that collectivism and individualism matter more for generalized and out-group trust for individuals who have higher levels of particularized trust.

scholarly journals The Internet, political trust, and regime types: a cross-national and multilevel analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu You ◽  
Zhengxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The Internet ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThe Internet has played important roles in driving political changes around the world. Why does it help to topple political regimes in some places but improve the quality of governance in others? We found Internet usage in general leads to citizens’ distrust in political institutions. Different political environments, however, can condition such trust-eroding impacts of the Internet in significantly different ways. A democracy enables citizens to connect their online behaviors and offline expression and organization, releasing political discontent while facilitating state–society communication. On the contrary, by restricting various forms of off-line expression, authoritarian regimes drive Internet-active citizens' discontent and distrust to higher levels. We use the World Values Survey data to establish these different mechanisms across democracies and authoritarian systems. Entropy balancing shows our findings to be highly robust.

Authoritarianism, Institutional Confidence, and Willingness to Engage in Collective Action

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Weiner ◽  
Christopher M. Federico
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Action Tendencies ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Willingness To Engage

The antecedents of collective action have received considerable attention in psychology, political science, and sociology. However, few studies have addressed the extent to which individual differences in psychological needs, motives, and traits predict collective action tendencies. In the present study, we focus on an especially important individual difference: authoritarianism. We examined three key hypotheses: (1) that authoritarianism would be associated with lower willingness to engage in collective action (net of other factors known to predict protest), (2) that the negative relationship between authoritarianism and collective action would be stronger among the politically engaged; and (3) that the negative relationship between authoritarianism and collective action would be weaker among those who lacked confidence in major social institutions. Using data from three independent waves of the World Values Survey, we find cross-national evidence supporting all three hypotheses.

Democracy and Gender Inequality in Education: A Cross-National Examination

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID S. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross National

This Research Note examines the role democracy plays in explaining the disparity in educational attainment between men and women in a cross-national context. Policies designed to improve education figure prominently in recent attempts by governments, international institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to stimulate economic development. The recent emphasis on education is grounded in a well-established literature in economics on the rate of return on investment in education and in a fairly new stream of research in economics – endogenous growth theory – that suggests knowledge is the generative force of economic growth. Although a majority of the work in both literatures focuses on aggregate levels of educational attainment (usually enrolment ratios or literacy rates), a growing body of evidence identifies women’s educational attainment relative to men’s as a crucial variable in explaining the wide variation in economic development throughout the world. In addition to its direct impact on economic growth, women’s education may indirectly affect economic performance in a number of important ways: through its impact on health, fertility and infant mortality. Previous empirical work shows that women’s education has a strong negative effect on fertility and infant mortality. Moreover, family health practices improve in direct proportion to female education. According to the World Bank, countries that achieved universal primary education for boys in 1965 but lagged far behind in educating girls had about twice the infant mortality and fertility rates in 1985 of countries with smaller gender gaps.

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