Cultural Preferences and Firm Financing Choices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mascia Bedendo ◽  
Emilia Garcia-Appendini ◽  
Linus Siming
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Firm Financing ◽  
Financing Choices

Firm Financing Choices in a Thin, Capital Constrained Market

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Smith ◽  
Jianguo Chen ◽  
Hamish D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Firm Financing ◽  
Financing Choices

Cultural Preferences and Firm Financing Choices

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mascia Bedendo ◽  
Emilia Garcia-Appendini ◽  
Linus Siming
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Firm Financing ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Cultural Origins

We document significant differences in the financing structures of small firms with managers of diverse cultural backgrounds. To isolate the effect of culture, we exploit cultural heterogeneity within a geographical area with shared regulations, institutions, and macroeconomic cycles. Our findings suggest significant cultural differences in the preference toward debt funding and in the use of formal and informal sources of financing (bank loans and trade credit). Our results are robust to alternative explanations based on potential differences in credit constraints and in the distribution of cultural origins across industries, trading partners, and headquarters locations.

The Influence of Regulation Fair Disclosure on Firm Financing Decisions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Albring ◽  
Monica L. Banyi ◽  
Dan S. Dhaliwal ◽  
Raynolde Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Regulation Fair Disclosure ◽  
Financing Decisions ◽  
Fair Disclosure ◽  
Firm Financing

scholarly journals Differences in Hedonic Responses, Facial Expressions and Self-Reported Emotions of Consumers Using Commercial Yogurts: A Cross-Cultural Study

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Mitali Gupta ◽  
Damir D. Torrico ◽  
Graham Hepworth ◽  
Sally L. Gras ◽  
Lydia Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Hedonic scale testing is a well-accepted methodology for assessing consumer perceptions but is compromised by variation in voluntary responses between cultures. Check-all-that-apply (CATA) methods using emotion terms or emojis and facial expression recognition (FER) are emerging as more powerful tools for consumer sensory testing as they may offer improved assessment of voluntary and involuntary responses, respectively. Therefore, this experiment compared traditional hedonic scale responses for overall liking to (1) CATA emotions, (2) CATA emojis and (3) FER. The experiment measured voluntary and involuntary responses from 62 participants of Asian (53%) versus Western (47%) origin, who consumed six divergent yogurt formulations (Greek, drinkable, soy, coconut, berry, cookies). The hedonic scales could discriminate between yogurt formulations but could not distinguish between responses across the cultural groups. Aversive responses to formulations were the easiest to characterize for all methods; the hedonic scale was the only method that could not characterize differences in cultural preferences, with CATA emojis displaying the highest level of discrimination. In conclusion, CATA methods, particularly the use of emojis, showed improved characterization of cross-cultural preferences of yogurt formulations compared to hedonic scales and FER.

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