The Behaviorally-Enlightened Fiduciary: Addressing Moral Dilemmas Through a Decision-Theoretic Model of Moral Value Judgment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Tharp
Keyword(s):  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Value Judgment

scholarly journals Appraisal of Perspectives to Morality in Business: Towards Developing Effective Operational Mindsets for Business Practitioners

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Adeyeye Adewole ◽  
Ginah . O. Ginah
Keyword(s):  
Business Education ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Business Practitioners ◽  
The Way

The study critically examines available perspectives to morality in business. It observes that each of the perspectives to morality in business may seem plausible; the reality of business clearly indicates that morality is intrinsic in the purposes and existence of business. The study further observes that the functional activities of business are pre-supposedly subjects of moral value judgment. The study posits that efforts should rather focus on discussions and concerns on moral benchmarks for sustainable business practices in view of emerging socio-cultural and global dynamics. It concludes that appropriate synthesis of perspectives is the way to go in order to enhance business education among students and practitioners in Nigeria. 

scholarly journals What drives public attitudes towards moral bioenhancement and why it matters: an exploratory study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Budić ◽  
Marko Galjak ◽  
Vojin Rakić
Keyword(s):  
Moral Agent ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Bioenhancement

AbstractThe paper represents an empirical study of public attitudes towards moral bioenhancement. Moral bioenhancement implies the improvement of moral dispositions, i.e. an increase in the moral value of the actions or character of a moral agent. The views of bioethicists and scientists on this topic are present in the ongoing debate, but not the view of the public in general. In order to bridge the gap between the philosophical debate and the view of the public, we have examined attitudes towards moral bioenhancement. The participants were people from Serbia older than 15, who voluntarily completed an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a brief introduction to moral bioenhancement, seven general questions, 25 statements about participants’ attitudes towards moral bioenhancement, and five examples of moral dilemmas. The questionnaire also included questions which were used to reveal their preference of either deontology, or utilitarianism. Participants were asked to what degree they agree or disagree with the statements. The results showed that the means used to achieve moral enhancement, the level of education, and preference for deontology or utilitarianism do have an impact on public attitudes. Using exploratory factor analysis, we isolated four factors that appear to drive the respondents' attitudes toward moral bioenhancement, we named: general—closeness, fear of change, security, and voluntariness. Each factor in relationship to other variables offers new insights that can inform policies and give us a deeper understanding of the public attitudes. We argue that looking into different facets of attitudes towards moral bioenhancement improves the debate, and expands it.

scholarly journals Level of Education as an Influential Factor of Moral Value among Students of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Nanda Dulal Ghorai ◽  
Sharif Khan ◽  
Tarun Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
School Students ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Postgraduate Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bengali Language

This paper used survey research. The main objective of the study was to know the influence of level of education on moral value among the students. Some other independent variables like- stream of education, occupation and father’s education also included in the study. 165 representatives were selected with the help of stratified random sampling technique. Moral values of the students were measured with the help of “Test for Moral Values among School Students" developed by B.M. Benjamin [1] and translated in the Bengali language by L.L. Mohakud and N.D. Ghorai [2]. Available data were analyzed through Mean, SD, t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Findings of the study revealed that moral value between higher secondary (HS) level and postgraduate (PG) level students differ significantly. Other findings have been drawn accordingly. Hence, it can be concluded that as moral value/ judgment of higher secondary level students is different from the moral judgment of postgraduate level students.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF COMMERCIALLY PROVIDED SECURITY IN AFRICA’S PATRIMONIAL SECURITY COMPLEX

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Krieg ◽  
Christopher Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Public Nature

With the concept of public security generally absent in Africa and a factionalized security sector of both state and non-state actors delivering security exclusively to certain groups affiliated with patrimonial elites, this paper examines the role of commercial providers of security within African security sectors. In factionalized security sectors with limited territorial reach, the state unable or unwilling to provide security as a public good within its boundaries has long lost its monopoly to control violence. It is against this backdrop that this paper asks the question to what extent commercial providers of security in Africa add another dimension to an already complex non-public security sector dominated by de-publicized statutory and non-statutory security providers. Thereby, this paper focuses on the degree to which commercial providers of security are embedded into patrimonial networks catering for exclusive private security interests of certain elites. Focusing on the issue of the private or public nature of commercially provided security in Africa through the prism of normative theory, this paper neither intends to make a moral value judgment about the legitimacy of commercially provided security in Africa nor intends to relativize the private patrimonial nature of commercially provided security as a phenomenon inherent in African civil-security sector relations. This paper rather tries to lay an exploratory foundation for the understanding of the interests driving commercial providers of security in Africa. 

Moral pluralism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Weinstock
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Moral Pluralism ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Wide Range

Moral pluralism is the view that moral values, norms, ideals, duties and virtues are irreducibly diverse: morality serves many purposes relating to a wide range of human interests, and it is therefore unlikely that a theory unified around a single moral consideration will account for all the resulting values. Unlike relativism, however, moral pluralism holds that there are rational constraints on what can count as a moral value. One possible, though not necessary, implication of moral pluralism is the existence of real moral dilemmas. Some philosophers have deemed these to be inconceivable; in fact, however, they do not constitute a serious threat to practical reason. Another possible implication of moral pluralism is the existence within a society of radically different but equally permissible moralities. This poses a challenge for political philosophy, and might justify a liberal view that particular conceptions of the good life ought not to be invoked in the formulation of public policy.

scholarly journals Utilitarianism for animals, Kantianism for people? Harming animals and humans for the greater good

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucius Caviola ◽  
Guy Kahane ◽  
Jim Albert Charlton Everett ◽  
elliot teperman ◽  
Julian Savulescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Greater Good ◽  
Species Membership

Most people hold that it is wrong to sacrifice some humans to save a greater number of humans. Do people also think that it is wrong to sacrifice some animals to save a greater number of animals, or do they answer such questions about harm to animals by engaging in a utilitarian cost-benefit calculation? Across 10 studies (N = 4,662), using hypothetical and real-life sacrificial moral dilemmas, we found that participants considered it more permissible to harm a few animals to save a greater number of animals than to harm a few humans to save a greater number of humans. This was explained by a reduced general aversion to harm animals compared to humans, which was partly driven by participants perceiving animals to suffer less and to have lower cognitive capacity than humans. However, the effect persisted even in cases where animals were described as having greater suffering capacity and greater cognitive capacity than some humans, and even when participants felt more socially connected to animals than to humans. The reduced aversion to harming animals was thus also partly due to speciesism—the tendency to ascribe lower moral value to animals due to their species-membership alone. In sum, our studies show that deontological constraints against instrumental harm are not absolute but get weaker the less people morally value the respective entity. These constraints are strongest for humans, followed by dogs, chimpanzees, pigs, and finally inanimate objects.

Resolving moral dilemmas: An individual difference approach

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell L. Barranti ◽  
Peter Meindl ◽  
Michael R. Furr ◽  
William W. Fleeson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Moral Dilemmas
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