The 'Double Expansion of Morbidity' Hypothesis: Evidence from Italy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Atella ◽  
Joanna Kopinska
Keyword(s):  
Expansion Of Morbidity

CHANGING AGE PATTERNS OF MORBIDITY VIS-À-VIS MORTALITY IN INDIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
PERIANAYAGAM AROKIASAMY ◽  
SURYAKANT YADAV
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Epidemiological Transition ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Age Patterns ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

SummaryThe combined effects of decreased fertility and mortality coupled with increasing survivorship across most ages have been upsetting the levels and age patterns of morbidity and mortality in India. This study examined data from the National Sample Survey (NSS) and Sample Registration System (SRS) of India. The results reveal marked structural changes in the age patterns of morbidity and mortality. The analysis also tested whether morbidity contours are being compressed or expanded, connecting it with the ongoing processes of demographic and epidemiological transition. The Sullivan (1971) method was used to estimate the health ratio over three time periods to ascertain the expansion of morbidity. The results reveal an exceptional rise in the prevalence rate of chronic non-communicable diseases in ages 60 and above. The proportion of unhealthy years of the total life expectancy has increased more than before for all older age groups. Overall, the results confirm that an expansion of morbidity is in progress, with a heavier and cumulated concentration of morbidity in older ages. The expansion of morbidity hypothesis is validated for major categories of population: rural, urban, male and female. Older females bear a much heavier burden of chronic non-communicable diseases and are vulnerable to a higher proportion of unhealthy years. The age-structural shifts in morbidity and mortality signal the steady progress of epidemiological transition in India.

scholarly journals Evaluating compression or expansion of morbidity in Canada: trends in life expectancy and health-adjusted life expectancy from 1994 to 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Steensma ◽  
Lidia Loukine ◽  
Bernard Choi
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Average Annual Increase ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

Introduction The objective of this study was to investigate whether morbidity in Canada, at the national and provincial levels, is compressing or expanding by tracking trends in life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) from 1994 to 2010. “Compression” refers to a decrease in the proportion of life spent in an unhealthy state over time. It happens when HALE increases faster than LE. “Expansion” refers to an increase in the proportion of life spent in an unhealthy state that happens when HALE is stable or increases more slowly than LE. Methods We estimated LE using mortality and population data from Statistics Canada. We took health-related quality of life (i.e. morbidity) data used to calculate HALE from the National Population Health Survey (1994–1999) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000–2010). We built abridged life tables for seven time intervals, covering the period 1994 to 2010 and corresponding to the year of each available survey cycle, for females and males, and for each of the 10 Canadian provinces. National and provincial trends were assessed at birth, and at ages 20 years and 65 years. Results We observed an overall average annual increase in HALE that was statistically significant in both Canadian females and males at each of the three ages assessed, with the exception of females at birth. At birth, HALE increased an average of 0.2% (p = .08) and 0.3% (p $lt; .001) annually for females and males respectively over the 1994 to 2010 period. At the national level for all three age groups, we observed a statistically nonsignificant average annual increase in the proportion of life spent in an unhealthy state, with the exception of men at age 65, who experienced a non-significant decrease. At the provincial level at birth, we observed a significant increase in proportion of life spent in an unhealthy state for Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) and Prince Edward Island (PEI). Conclusion Our study did not detect a clear overall trend in compression or expansion of morbidity from 1994 to 2010 at the national level in Canada. However, our results suggested an expansion of morbidity in NL and PEI. Our study indicates the importance of continued tracking of the secular trends of life expectancy and HALE in Canada in order to verify the presence of compression or expansion of morbidity. Further study should be undertaken to understand what is driving the observed expansion of morbidity in NL and in PEI.

scholarly journals Can You be Biologically Younger than Your Chronological Age? An Overview of Biological Ageing

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-514
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Shailaja Moodithaya ◽  
Shruthi Suvarna H I ◽  
Amrit Mirajkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Biological Ageing ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

The ageing of the population is rapidly escalating worldwide irrespective of unpredictable health challenges like climate change, emerging infectious disease, a microbe that develops drug resistance. India is also experiencing rapid socioeconomic progress and urbanization and the result of this demographic transition is population ageing. Even though there is an increase in life expectancy, there is no increase in health span, and thus increased life expectancy leads to ‘expansion of morbidity'. Longer life expectancy with the expansion of morbidity could enforce a challenge to geroscience as well as a substantial health burden and a threat to the national economy.  In normal ageing, chronological age equates to biological age but certain disease conditions accelerate biological age. Similarly, intervention with physical activity, anti-ageing nutraceuticals would slow down the rate ageing process and provide powerful benefits for longevity. The current review article is based on MeSH and free-text terms in databases such as PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct.  This article aims to provide an overview of the concept of biological ageing with emphasis on the pathophysiology of ageing, quantification of biological ageing and the anti-ageing strategies. 

scholarly journals Changes in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Canada between 1994 and 2007

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Scott Mandich
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Sullivan Method ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

Life expectancy at birth continues to increase in Canada, reaching 81.2 years in 2009. Knowing whether these older years are healthy or disabled is critical for policymakers. We examine changes in disability-free life expectancy for men and women in Canada in 1994 and 2007 using the Sullivan method. We find that increases in life expectancy for men were due to a moderate increase in healthy years and a larger increase in disabled years. The increases in life expectancy for womenwere driven almost completely by increases in disabled years, suggesting an “expansion of morbidity” among women.

scholarly journals Trends in Education-specific Differences in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Spain, 2008-2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Voigt ◽  
Sebastian Daza ◽  
Dariya Ordanovich ◽  
Alberto Palloni
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Education Differentials ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

Background: There is mounting evidence for a recent increase of social disparities in chronicdisease prevalence and mortality. However, little is known about how these trends are reflected incombined measures of morbidity, disability and mortality.Method: We use two nationally representative surveys of the Spanish population for the years2008 to 2017 and standard measures of expected duration of disability and illness to assess timetrends and social disparities in mortality, morbidity and expected years lived in disability (DFLE)and with chronic illness (chrDFLE). We provide empirical evidence of shifting trends for thesemeasures. We then decompose these changes into contributions associated with disability, chronicillness and mortality. Finally, we estimate the size of education differentials in DFLE and chrDFLEand evaluate the magnitude and direction of changes of these differentials over time.Results: While the disability based indicator suggests a decrease of expected years withoutdisability for both men and women (expansion of morbidity), the morbidity based indicator showsan increase in time spend free of chronic disease for women but a slight decrease for men. Thedecrease in time spent without disability was observed for all education groups but is particularlymarked for those with low education.Conclusion: We find evidence of an expansion of morbidity in Spain between 2008 and 2017.The bulk of this development is related to increases in time spent with functional limitations overthis period. These patterns occur in conjuncture with growing social disparities in time spend withchronic illness or disability.

scholarly journals The elimination of selected chronic diseases in a population: the compression and expansion of morbidity.

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Nusselder ◽  
K van der Velden ◽  
J L van Sonsbeek ◽  
M E Lenior ◽  
G A van den Bos
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Compression And Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

scholarly journals Distribution of the compression and expansion of morbidity in 194 countries and territories, 1990–2016: The role of income inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Chen ◽  
Jing Ning ◽  
Hongwei Hu ◽  
Haochen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Health Changes ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Compression And Expansion ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

Abstract Background Compression and expansion of morbidity are two critical hypotheses to analyze the relationship among morbidity, disability, and mortality. This study aims to analyze the global distribution of the compression and expansion of morbidity and to investigate its relationship with income inequality. Methods Data was from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 and Standardized World Income Inequality Database, version 8.2. Seven types of health changes were defined. Income inequality was measured with Gini coefficient index. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association of income inequality with the compression and expansion of morbidity. Results All the seven types of the compression and expansion of morbidity exist in the world, despite their uneven distribution. The relative expansion of morbidity with increased or constant life expectancy (Type 6) was the most popular type occurring to more than half of populations in the last quarter of century, which was followed by the relative compression of morbidity with increased or constant LE (Type 3, 30.71%). The income inequality was significantly associated with the health changes, which still held after controlling a variety of confounders and in robustness tests. Those societies with lower income inequality were more likely to incur Type 3. Conclusions It is necessary to distinguish the positive and negative changes in life expectancy when examing the compression and expansion of morbidity. The increasing popularity of Type 6 implies higher needs for health and social care. Measures to reduce income inequality or mitigate its negative influence on health changes might promote the occurrence of Type 3.

scholarly journals Expansion of morbidity: trends in healthy life expectancy of the elderly population

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Gonçalves Campolina ◽  
Fernando Adami ◽  
Jair Licio Ferreira Santos ◽  
Maria Lucia Lebrão
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Basic Activity ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

Objective: to analyze the changes in life expectancy (LE) and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) in São Paulo's elderly population to assess the occurrence of compression or expansion of morbidity, between 2000 and 2010. Methods: cross-sectional and population survey, based on official data for the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and data obtained from the Health, Well-Being and Aging Survey (SABE). Functional disability was defined as difficulty in performing at least one basic activity of daily living. The Sullivan method was used to calculate LE and DFLE for the years 2000 to 2010. Results: from 2000 to 2010, there was an increase in disabled life expectancy (DLE) in all age groups and both sexes. The proportion of years of life free of disability, at 60 years of age, decreased from 57.94% to 46.23% in women, and from 75.34% to 63.65% in men. At 75 years of age, this ratio decreased from 47.55% to 34.54% in women, and from 61.31% to 56.01% in men. Conclusion: the expansion of morbidity is an ongoing process in the elderly population of the municipality of São Paulo, in the period of 2000-2010. These results can contribute to the development of preventive strategies and planning of adequate health services to future generations of seniors.

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