scholarly journals Political Institutions, State Building, and Tax Capacity: Crossing the Tipping Point

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Gaspar ◽  
Laura Jaramillo ◽  
Philippe Wingender
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
State Building ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Tax Capacity

scholarly journals Political Institutions, State Building, and Tax Capacity: Crossing the Tipping Point

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (233) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Gaspar ◽  
Laura Jaramillo ◽  
Philippe Wingender ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
State Building ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Tax Capacity

Fiscal Capacity

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Besley ◽  
Torsten Persson
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
State Building ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
To Come ◽  
Microeconomic Foundations

This chapter explores the forces that shape investments in fiscal capacity. It sets out a core model that shows how this aspect of state building is influenced by economic and political factors, such as common interests and political institutions. A key feature of the model has been to delineate the types of states that can emerge in equilibrium. It also shows that the model can be given microeconomic foundations and demonstrates how it can be extended in a number of directions that lead to more realism. The main focus of the chapter has been on the extractive role of government and on some of the issues raised in traditional public-finance models. This has laid the groundwork for the analyses to come.

Tax Capacity and Growth: Is There a Tipping Point?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Gaspar ◽  
Laura Jaramillo ◽  
Philippe Wingender
Keyword(s):  
Tipping Point ◽  
Tax Capacity

The political economy of state building

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilia Murtazashvili ◽  
Jennifer Murtazashvili
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
International Investment ◽  
State Building ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Externally assisted state-building efforts cost trillions but typically fail to produce states capable of providing public goods and services on their own. Drawing on the public choice literature and evidence from historical state-building processes, we argue that political self-sufficiency depends on political institutions that allow for self-governance, reasonably high levels of fiscal and administrative capacity, economic institutions that encourage wealth creation, and social institutions that reinforce political and economic freedom. Importantly, we do not expect that democracy is a critical determinant of political self-sufficiency. Our theory explains why state building in Afghanistan in the two decades since 2001 did not produce a more functional state. Despite massive international investment in blood and treasure, the state-building effort prioritised national elections over institutional reforms that encourage local self-governance, failed to establish meaningful constraints on national political decision-makers (especially the president) and disregarded customary private property rights and customary processes to adjudicate land disputes.

Tax Capacity and Growth: Is there a Tipping Point?

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (234) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Gaspar ◽  
Laura Jaramillo ◽  
Philippe Wingender ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tipping Point ◽  
Tax Capacity

scholarly journals Rethinking The Origins of Federalism: Puzzle, Theory, and Evidence from Nineteenth-Century Europe

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ziblatt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
State Building ◽  
Unitary Model ◽  
National Unification ◽  
The Moment

This article examines the paradox of how federal political institutions are created: how can a state-building core be unyielding enough to forge a union but accommodating enough to grant federal concessions to subunits? A comparison of the trajectories of national unification in nineteenth-century Germany and Italy indicates that the formation of federations does not come about exclusively through voluntary “contract”; instead, coercion and cooperation go hand in hand in the formation of all states, including federations. Whether the outcome is federal or unitary depends on the level of subunit infrastructural capacity at the moment of founding.The article finds that where the constituents of a potential federation are parliamentary and well governed, they can deliver the benefits of state formation, assuring their continued existence in a federation. Where such subunits are patrimonial and poorly governed, they are absorbed within a unitary model of governance. This institutional explanation supplements accounts emphasizing the cultural sources of federalism and revises arguments that only militarily weak founding cores make federal concessions to their constituents.

Political Institutions in Liberia

1911 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
Modern State ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Good Will ◽  
The Government

Liberia will long be a source of permanent interest to the government and people of the United States, not only because it was founded and fostered by American citizens, but because there is going on there in the interest of the African races one of the unique struggles in modern state-building, in an endeavor to perpetuate in West Africa a government fashioned after the American democracy in which liberty shall be limited and regulated by law.Under the most unfavorable circumstances the Liberian people have entered upon a grave and stupendous undertaking. The high political ideas and principles which they represent, the ardor and fidelity with which they have maintained them for nearly three quarters of a century against European opposition and in the midst and in the presence of the overwhelming numbers and dissimilar civilization of their African kinsmen, entitle them to the sympathetic consideration and good will of all liberty-loving nations.

Where Is the Tipping Point? Bilateral Trade and the Diffusion of Human Rights

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Cao ◽  
Brian Greenhill ◽  
Aseem Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Average Level ◽  
High Level

Drawing on a panel of 136 countries over the period 1982–2004, we study a tipping point version of Vogel's ‘California Effect’ in the context of the diffusion of human rights practices. Because human rights practices are often deeply embedded in a society's customs and political institutions, we expect that a high level of pressure from the importing countries is needed to bring about changes in an exporting country's human rights records. We find strong empirical support for this threshold effect; provided that the average level of respect for human rights in importing countries is sufficiently high, trading relationships can operate as transmission belts for the diffusion of human rights practices from importing to exporting countries.

scholarly journals The Politics of Parenthood: Attitudes, Behavior, Policy, and Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill S. Greenlee ◽  
Elizabeth A. Sharrow
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
State Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Socializing Agents

As the rhetoric around parenthood has increased in the political world, so too has the scholarly focus on parenthood within political science and related fields. This article attempts to account for the many ways in which parenthood is political and has implications for the study of politics. In this article, we consider parenthood as a role, identity, and life event that has the potential to shape the attitudes and behaviors of individuals. We also review literature on the constitutive roles that public policies and political institutions play in structuring the meanings and practices of parenthood. In this survey, the unit and topics of analysis differ across areas of study, varying from parent, child, candidate, officeholder, historical era, or policy domain. The literature is also characterized by the use of different data sources, methodologies, and research designs, all of which vary in their ability to isolate the independent effect of parenthood on the outcome of interest and which we acknowledge is largely focused on heterosexual partnerships and two-parent households. The scholarship here is organized around four major themes: 1) Parenthood and political socialization, 2) Parenthood and political attitudes and behavior in the mass public, 3) Parenthood and political behavior among elites, and 4) Parenthood as terrain for state-building and public policies. In this structure, we first review some central works within the literature on parents as primary socializing agents of their children’s early political orientations, while also discussing the smaller literature on children as socializing agents onto parents. Second, we examine research on how parenthood shapes the political lives of adults in the mass public. We consider literature regarding how parenthood shapes the policy stances of political elites and literature examining the political attitudes and behaviors of voters and activists. We also review research on how parenthood shapes how voters evaluate political candidates. We then consider how parenthood operates as a landscape for state-building through public policy and political institutions, and how parenthood functions as a social arrangement around which public policies are built. While scholarship outside of political science examines aspects of parenthood with implications for politics, this review covers primarily research within political science. Moreover, we touch only lightly upon topics that have generated vast amounts of scholarship, such as the politics of women’s fertility and reproductive rights. Finally, we are mindful that approaches to the study of parenthood that examine how gender, gender identity, race, sexuality, disability, and class converge to shape distinct parenting experiences, identities, vulnerabilities, and policy needs are unfortunately uncommon within political science—we hope this bibliography might underscore the need for such research in the near future. While we primarily focus on work from the American corpus, we include cross-national studies and perspectives which highlight that national context (i.e., role of the welfare state) shapes the ways in which parenthood matters for politics and policy. The authors thank Hayden Latimer-Ireland, Linda Wang, and Anja Parish for their help with the production of this manuscript.

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