U.S. Metropolitan Spatial Structure Evolution: Investigating Spatial Patterns of Employment Growth from 2000 to 2010

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Structure Evolution

scholarly journals U.S. Metropolitan Spatial Structure Evolution: Investigating Spatial Patterns of Employment Growth from 2000 to 2010

Urban Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Huang ◽  
Jiawen Yang ◽  
Burak Güneralp ◽  
Mark Burris
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Structure Evolution

Spatial Patterns of Canopy Disturbance and Shortleaf Pine in a Mixedwood Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Davis Goode ◽  
Justin L Hart ◽  
Daniel C Dey ◽  
Scott J Torreano ◽  
Stacy L Clark
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Ecosystem Goods And Services ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Mixedwood Forests ◽  
Canopy Disturbance ◽  
Tree Spatial Pattern ◽  
Neighborhood Scale

Abstract The spatial structure of forest ecosystems is dominated by the horizontal and vertical distribution of trees and their attributes across space. Canopy disturbance is a primary regulator of forest spatial structure. Although the importance of tree spatial pattern is widely acknowledged as it affects important ecosystem processes such as regeneration and recruitment into the overstory, quantitative reference spatial conditions to inform silvicultural systems are lacking. This is especially true for mixedwood forests, defined as those that contain hardwoods and softwoods in the canopy. We used data from a preexisting network of plots in a complex-stage mixedwood stand to investigate the influence of canopy disturbance on stand and neighborhood-scale spatial patterns. We reconstructed canopy disturbance history and linked detected stand-wide and gap-scale disturbance events to establishment and spatial patterns of shortleaf pine. The majority of shortleaf pine establishment coincided with stand-wide or gap-scale disturbance. Shortleaf pine was clustered at the stand scale but was randomly distributed at the neighborhood scale (i.e. five tree clusters), which was a legacy of the historical disturbance regime. These results may be used to improve natural disturbance-based silvicultural systems to restore and maintain mixedwood forests for enhanced resilience and provisioning of ecosystem goods and services. Study Implications: Shortleaf pine was clustered into compositionally distinct patches within the oak-pine stand. Based on our findings, we recommend managers of stands with patchy species composition consider silvicultural systems that focus on patches. This approach acknowledges the effects of intrastand spatial variability of biophysical conditions and interactions with stochastically occurring canopy disturbances on regeneration and recruitment. Patch clearcuts with reserves could be implemented with the openings correspondent to microsites that favor regeneration of shortleaf pine. Similar potential approaches could be seedtree, irregular shelterwood, and other regeneration methods suited to stand conditions and the silvics of the species of interest.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of a High-Speed Railway on the Spatial Structure of the Western Urban Agglomeration Based on Fractal Theory—Taking the Chengdu–Chongqing Urban Agglomeration as an Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7550
Author(s):  
Jiao Li ◽  
Yongsheng Qian ◽  
Junwei Zeng ◽  
Fan Yin ◽  
Leipeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Central City ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Western China ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Urban Agglomerations

By shortening the transportation time between cities, high-speed rail shortens the spatial distance between cities and exerts a far-reaching influence on urban agglomerations’ spatial structures. In order to explore the influence of high-speed rail on the spatial reconstruction of an urban agglomeration in western China, this paper employs fractal theory to compare and analyze the spatial structure evolution of the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration in western China before and after the opening of a high-speed railway. The results show that after the completion of the high-speed railway, the intercity accessibility is improved. The Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration’s spatial distribution shows a decreasing density from the central city to the surrounding areas. Furthermore, the urban system presents a trend of an agglomeration distribution. Therefore, strengthening the construction of high-speed rail channels between primary and medium-sized cities, as well as accelerating the construction of intercity railway networks and rapid transportation systems based on high-speed rail cities, would help develop urban agglomerations in western China.

Spatial Flows and Spatial Patterns

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Fotheringham
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Spatial Interaction Models ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
Decay Parameters ◽  
Spatial Flows

The misspecification of gravity spatial interaction models has recently been described by the author. The bias in parameter estimates that results from such misspecification appears to produce the ‘map pattern effect’ or ‘spatial structure bias’ in estimated distance-decay parameters. A further aspect of the misspecification bias in gravity parameter estimates is explored here. The severity of the bias is shown to vary in a predictable manner with variations in spatial structure. In particular, the bias is shown to be dependent upon the pattern of accessibility that exists within a spatial system. The relevant aspects of this pattern are discussed for intraurban and interurban (or interregional) flow matrices. It is shown that from an examination of the spatial structure of centres in a spatial system it is possible, a priori, to identify whether significant bias will arise in the calibration of a gravity model. Certain configurations of centres are shown theoretically to produce maximal bias. The author thus answers the question, “why do gravity parameter estimates appear to be biased in some systems but not in others?”

scholarly journals Spatial Complex Morphological Evolution and Influencing Factors for Mountain and Seaside Resort Tourism Destinations

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Huiqiang Ma ◽  
Jianchao Xi ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Jiale Liu ◽  
Zhigang Gong
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Type Structure ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Seaside Resort ◽  
Tourism Destinations

Spatial restructuring of tourism destinations is important not only for optimizing the spatial structure but also for promoting its sustainable development. This study adopted participatory rural assessment (PRA), GIS spatial analysis, and Google Earth remote sensing images as the main research methodology. The case studies of mountain resort destination, Huangshui Town, and seaside resort destination, Jinshitan, were analyzed. The study contributes to complex morphological evolution from the perspectives of external structure expansion and internal function reconstruction, revealing the spatial characteristics and explaining the influencing factors. The results showed that (1) in the process of tourism development, these two places have experienced large-scale growth of construction land and expansion of spatial scope. The external spatial structure of Huangshui Town is concentrated in the center and is scattered outward, changing from the form of a strip to a radiating pattern and finally to clusters. The spatial layout of Jinshitan has shifted from scattered to concentrated, changing from scattered to a strip along the coastline. (2) In particular, the internal functional structures of the two places have transitioned from a single residential function to a multicomposite function that integrates accommodation, dining, and entertainment. Among them, Huangshui Town is an “axial belt + group type” structure, and Jinshitan is a “wave type” structure. (3) The results also showed that natural factors such as traffic, terrain, rivers, lakes, and coastlines and anthropogenic factors such as government intervention and community participation are the main factors affecting the evolution of the spatial form of tourism destinations. The two tourist destinations in the study represent mountain resort type and coastal resort type, thereby showing that the spatial structure evolution model has certain typicality and representativeness.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI TATA RUANG KAMPUNG KOTA PENDEKATAN RESILIENSI BENCANA BANJIR STUDI KASUS KAMPUNG BETING

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Akbar Pasca Perdana ◽  
Dwita Hadi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The Village

Kampung Beting, Kecamatan Pontianak Timur, Kelurahan Dalam Bugis, Kota Pontianak merupakan kampung rawan bencana banjir. Berdasarkan waktu musim hujan, saat curah hujan tinggi air sungai tersebut meluap hingga menggenangi sebagian wilayah di Kampung Beting. Kampung Beting berdekatan dengan persimpangan 2 sungai besar yakni Sungai Kapuas dan Sungai Landak yang memiliki topografi yang lebih rendah dari wilayah di sekitarnya. Orientasi kampung tersebut tepat berada di atas tepi kedua sungai dan mempengaruhi bentuk Struktur Ruang dan Pola Ruang didalamnya. Tata ruang Kampung tradisional Beting penting untuk dijadikan studi kasus karena berbagai pengalaman permasalahan yang terjadi di dalamnya dengan ancaman bencana banjir, tata ruang terkait pola ruang dan struktur ruang, serta resiliensi. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan simulasi software ArcGis guna pemetaan dan penilaian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang ditemukan yaitu; Pertama, resiliensi dapat dilihat dari sudut pandang yang lebih luas, tidak hanya berdasarkan sudut pandang kebencanaan dan iklim yang selama ini menjadi konteks utama resiliensi tetapi juga konteks tata ruang. Kedua, tata ruang kampung beting belum memiliki ketangguhan dengan parameter Struktur Ruang dan Pola Ruang. Ketiga, tingkat resiliensi kampong beting yang berada di tepian kedua sungai terhadap bencana banjir masih rendah dan diperlukan penataan serta mitigasi lebih lanjut bila bencana musiman terjadi. IDENTIFICATION OF KAMPUNG KOTA`S SPATIAL PLANNING THROUGH FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE APPROACH; CASE STUDY: KAMPUNG BETING Kampung Beting, East Pontianak District, Dalam Bugis Village, Pontianak City is a flood-prone village. Based on rainy seasons, when the rainfalls is high, the river water overflows to inundate some areas in Kampung Beting. Kampung Beting is close to the junction of 2 mayor rivers, namely the Kapuas River and the Lancak River, which have a lower topography than the surrounding area. The orientation of the village is right above the banks of the two rivers and affects the shape of the Spatial Structure and Spatial Patterns in it. The layout of the Beting traditional village is important to be used as a case study because of the various experiences of problems that occur in it with the threat of flooding, spatial planning related to spatial patterns and spatial structures, and resilience. The method used is ArcGIS software simulation for mapping and descriptive assessment. The research result found are; First, resilience can be seen from a broader perspective, not only from the point of view of disaster and climate which has been the main context of resilience, but also the context of spatial planning. Second, the spatial structure of the shoal village does not yet have toughness with the parameters of Spatial Structure and Spatial Patterns. Third, the level of resilience of the shoal village located on the banks of the two rivers to flood disasters is still low and further structuring and mitigation is needed if seasonal disasters occur

scholarly journals Spatial Structure Evolution of Urban Agglomerations and Its Driving Factors in Mainland China: From the Monocentric to the Polycentric Dimension

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Lan ◽  
Huili Da ◽  
Haizhen Wen ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Changing Process

Urban agglomerations (UAs) have become the urbanized “growth poles”, especially against the background of increasing population flow to cities. The spatial structure of UAs has been deemed the essential factor affecting regional function and sustainable development. Although there have been many meaningful studies on spatial structure changes in China, a systematically comparative work of UAs is still absent. Under this context, this paper examines the changing process of spatial structure in 20 Chinese UAs from monocentric to polycentric during the years 1992–2012 by using the night-time light data—an alternative to census data—and explores the major driving forces underlying the evolution. Our empirical results suggest that there is an obvious polycentric tendency of UAs, the spatial distribution pattern of which is not apparent. Panel regression models reveal that the economic level, the population size, the foreign direct investment (FDI), the human capital, and the transport infrastructure play significant positive roles in shaping the polycentric changing process, while the growth of the government expenditure does the opposite. Moreover, transport infrastructure and FDI are positively associated with polycentric spatial structure in mature UAs; on the contrary, they are negatively associated with it in the emerging UAs. Our study results have important policy implications for rapid Chinese urbanization—the policy whereby “China’s future urbanization development model is to limit the agglomeration of large cities while focusing on developing small and medium-sized cities” may be more efficient in mature UAs.

Understanding Attraction: Cooperation and Human Intentionality as Determinants of Spatial Interaction and Corporate Location

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-665
Author(s):  
B Malmberg
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Capitalist Production ◽  
Human Intentionality ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
And Control

In this paper it is argued that identification and analysis of spatial patterns have an important role to play in the development of materialist social theory. Spatial forms reveal material conditions that govern social processes and, therefore, provide keys to the understanding of how societies work. Two examples are provided. First, it is argued that gravity patterns in spatial interaction are an outcome of human intentionality but that they also show how human actions are controlled by material conditions. Second, it is shown how the spatial structure of multiplant firms reflects the need for cooperation and control in capitalist production.

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