scholarly journals Psychosocial Competencies and Risky Behaviours in Peru

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
marta favara ◽  
Alan Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Psychosocial Competencies

HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Risk-Taking Behaviours among Youths at a University in Enugu, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada C. Nwaneri ◽  
Okwudili Callistus Ezike ◽  
Agnes N. Anarado ◽  
Ifeoma Ndubisi ◽  
Jane-Lovena Onyia-Pat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
The University ◽  
Hiv Aids

 A national sentinel survey of 2006 shows that Enugu State in south-eastern Nigeria is the worst hit by HIV infections. Despite numerous control strategies having been implemented, the state was still reported by another national HIV sentinel survey in 2010 as the worst hit by HIV/AIDS within the zone, and that youths are the most affected. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional descriptive survey to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk-taking behaviours of youths at a federal university in Enugu, south-eastern Nigeria. They adopted a multistage sampling method to recruit 460 unmarried, consenting students between 15 and 30 years of age, from three faculties of the university. Almost 90 per cent of the university youths had a sound knowledge of key concepts related to HIV/AIDS; despite this, a subset (7.39%) still engaged in risk-taking behaviours. The major risky behaviours identified include having premarital sex, having multiple sexual partners, the sharing of shaving or razor blades, the use of public clippers and tribal marking. Although an analysis of variance demonstrated no significant relationship (t = −0.036) between university youths’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS and their related risk-taking behaviour, risky behaviours were found to be more (13%) among respondents who had insufficient or incorrect knowledge of the disease. An analysis of covariance, however, showed that gender and socio-economic backgrounds were not determinants of the HIV/AIDS risk-taking behaviours of these youths. Therefore, factors such as attitude or culture are areas that should be focused on, and should then, along with educational awareness campaigns, help to reduce the spread and prevalence of the disease.

scholarly journals Violence at School and Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption in Students of Secondary Education

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Miriam Moñino García ◽  
Eugenia Piñero Ruiz ◽  
Julián Arense Gonzalo ◽  
Fuensanta Cerezo Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Transitional Process ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Aggressive Behaviours

Adolescence is a transitional process between childhood and adulthood (Antona, Madrid and Alaez, 2003), which involves physical, cognitive and social changes (Johnson, Roberts and Worrell, 1999). During this stage, risky behaviours are often developed, including alcohol and tobacco consumption. Alcohol is the most psychoactive substance consumed among adolescents, aged 14-18, followed by tobacco in Spain (DGPNSD, 2009). The teenagers who use alcohol and tobacco have a higher probability of having problems of aggresiveness and violence and it is also related to health problems (Bellis et al., 2005; Gil and Gil-Lacroix Lacroix, 2006; Room, Babor and Rehm, 2005). Several studies (Bond, Carlin, Thomas, Rubin and Patton, 2001; Cangas, Gázquez, Perez-Fuentes, Moldes and Rubio, 2007; Piñero-Ruiz, López-Espín, Cherry and Torres-Cantero, 2012) have linked the presence of violence at school disturbing the environment and having negative consequences for the health and behaviour to a higher frequency in the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. In this study, 2552 questionnaires were collected with ages among 12-16 years from the Murcia Region. The results showed that students with aggressive behaviours at school have a higher frequency of alcohol and tobacco consumption.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Digital Piracy by Youths

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
New Media ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Digital Piracy ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Digital Knowledge ◽  
Open Question

This paper sets out to explain how adolescents interpret piracy. Digital piracy is one of the most important risk behaviours mediated by new media to be found among adolescents. It is global, and changes dynamically due to the continued development of the information society. To explore the phenomena related to piracy among adolescent Internet users we need to apply qualitative research methods. The sample contained 1320 Polish respondents. The research used the technique of qualitative research. Data was collected using a form containing an open question. Adolescents will answer in the form how they interpret digital piracy. The categories characterize how piracy is perceived, and includes downloading various files—whether video or music files or even software (also games)—from unauthorized sources (P2P—Peer-to-peer ‘warez’ servers—websites which serve as repositories of illegal files). The qualitative data analysis allowed the identification of the following constructs in the perception of digital piracy by adolescents: ethical (giving value to the phenomenon), economical (showing profits and losses), legal (connected with punitive consequences and criminal liability), praxeological (facilitating daily life), technical (referring to the hardware necessary), social (the scale of the phenomenon and interpersonal relations), and personal benefits. The results fit into the discussion on the standard and hidden factors connected with piracy. The presented seven categories of the perception of piracy help us better understand the phenomenon of the infringement of intellectual property law and will help to develop appropriate preventive measures. Qualitative research makes it possible to understand the phenomenon of piracy from a deeper perspective, which can be translated into the design of effective educational measures. Preventive guidance on minimising risky behaviour is part of the development of one of the key competences, namely digital knowledge and skills. The research allowed us to enrich the theoretical knowledge on risky behaviours in cyberspace among adolescents (theoretical aim), to understand how to interpret risky behaviours in cyberspace (understanding of micro-worlds—cognitive aim), and to gather new knowledge that will be useful for prevention (practical aim).

scholarly journals P3.246 Prevalence of STI/HIV and Assessment of Risky Behaviours Among Sex Workers

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A225.2-A225
Author(s):  
A Asmaryan ◽  
A Papoyan ◽  
A Hakobyan ◽  
T Grigoryan ◽  
R Hovhannisyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Risky Behaviours

Expanding crimmigration: The detention and deportation of New Zealanders from Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stanley
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Immigration Laws ◽  
Moral Boundaries ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Political Inclusion ◽  
New Zealanders

The significant concept of ‘crimmigration’ has evolved to explain how criminal and immigration laws have begun to merge, expanding state powers to surveil, control and punish. States use crimmigration processes to reinforce cultural, political and moral boundaries. In doing so, states frequently displace principles of punishment or rights in favour of promoting compliance, security or belonging. In relation to the case of New Zealanders detained–deported from Australia, this article illustrates new forms of crimmigration. First, crimmigration is expanding in a context of neoliberal responsibilization. Given the gradual removal of economic supports or political inclusion, ‘non-citizens’ share a deeply precarious space, and more groups are being made ‘at risk’ of crimmigration interventions. Once likely to focus upon certain populations, especially on ‘race’ or nationality grounds, crimmigration now engages all ‘non-citizens’. Second, crimmigration has expanded to include pre-emption – ‘non-citizens’ are targeted not just on account of their criminal behaviours but also their perceived associations, ‘risky’ behaviours or suspicious associations. Finally, and third, crimmigration strategies have expanded across borders, in ways that fundamentally distort established legal principles on the ever-shifting grounds of security. The contagion of crimmigration creates multiple punishments for ‘non-citizens’ that far surpass the nature of their offending or their ‘risk’ to society.

scholarly journals HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIOUR IN ADOLESCENTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED BASIC INSTRUCTION IN HEALTH PROMOTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Ruslan V. Tekliuk ◽  
Ihor V. Serheta ◽  
Oksana A. Serebrennikova
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Health Related Behaviour

Introduction: Both positive and risky health behaviours among adolescents are of paramount importance as they often pathway further lifestyles and determine future health outcomes. The paper focuses on the trends of health promotion activities and health risks among adolescents who have been instructed on these topics at secondary schools. The aim: to detect trends in pro-active health behaviour and risk taking activities of Ukrainian adolescents in the last 14 years. Materials and methods: males and females, aged 15-17, who studied in secondary schools of the urban area of Vinnytsia city, Ukraine, in the years 2003, 2013, 2017, anonymously filled in the 118-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Cochran Q test, Spearman correlation analysis, Kendall’s tau coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results: Overall, the data about health related issues obtained in the year 2003 vary significantly from the years 2013 and 2017, which indicates some beneficial influence that has taken place since 2003. Much fewer differences were spotted between the years 2013 and 2017. Health related behaviours in females showed less significant dynamics and some changes indicate regression, while males reported multiple improved results. Meanwhile actual numbers of males who opted for risky behaviours were higher than those of females. Significant relationships were found between some socio-economic factors, positive health behaviours (sufficient sleep, physical activity, daily regime, and life satisfaction) and proactive health choices. Conclusions: The available data suggests that there was a beneficial health-related influence on the schoolchildren over the years 2003-2017. Our findings also support the view that certain assets may protect the youth from risk-taking behaviours.

scholarly journals Preliminary psychometric characteristics of the Serbian adaptation of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale: ASRS-v1.1 and ASRS-5

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Batoćanin ◽  
Bojana Dinić
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

The aim of the research is to explore the psychometric characteristics of the Serbian adaptation of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) Symptom Checklist and Screener, as well as the Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 (ASRS-5). In addition to these scales, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Dickman Impulsivity Inventory (DII) and the questions about frequency of risky behaviours (use of alcohol, cigarettes and drugs, overeating, and physical aggression) were administrated on the sample of 226 adults from the general population (43.8% males). The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor structure of the ASRS-5. The three-factor structure had the best fit indices for the ASRS-v1.1 Symptom Checklist (inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity factors), while the two-factor structure was the best for the ASRS-v1.1 Screener (inattention and hyperactivity factors). However, there was a large profile similarity between factors, which calls into question their discriminant validity. All scales correlated significantly with dysfunctional impulsivity and aspects of psychological distress, with ASRS-5 having the largest number of correlations with risky behaviours. There were no sex differences, and correlations with age were negative. It can be concluded that, although all scales show satisfactory psychometric characteristics, ASRS-5 is the preferred one, given its clear one-dimensional structure and somewhat better validity.

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