An Application of Extreme Values Theory to Learning Analytics: Predicting Collaboration Quality from Eye-Tracking Data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitij Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Collaboration Quality ◽  
Extreme Values Theory

scholarly journals An Application of Extreme Value Theory to Learning Analytics: Predicting Collaboration Outcome from Eye-tracking Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitij Sharma ◽  
Valérie Chavez-Demoulin ◽  
Pierre Dillenbourg
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Extreme Value Theory ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Previous Approach ◽  
The Mean

The statistics used in education research are based on central trends such as the mean or standard deviation, discarding outliers. This paper adopts another viewpoint that has emerged in Statistics, called the Extreme Value Theory (EVT). EVT claims that the bulk of the normal distribution is mostly comprised of uninteresting variations while the most extreme values convey more information. We applied EVT to eye-tracking data collected during online collaborative problem solving with the aim of predicting the quality of collaboration. We compare our previous approach, based on central trends, with an EVT approach focused on extreme episodes of collaboration. The latter occurred to provide a better prediction of the quality of collaboration.

The Opposition of Surprisal and Semantic Similarity in the Prediction of Language Processing: Evidence from Eye-tracking Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Dynamic Approach

Expectations or predictions about upcoming content play an important role during language comprehension and processing. One important aspect of recent studies of language comprehension and processing concerns the estimation of the upcoming words in a sentence or discourse. Many studies have used eye-tracking data to explore computational and cognitive models for contextual word predictions and word processing. Eye-tracking data has previously been widely explored with a view to investigating the factors that influence word prediction. However, these studies are problematic on several levels, including the stimuli, corpora, statistical tools they applied. Although various computational models have been proposed for simulating contextual word predictions, past studies usually preferred to use a single computational model. The disadvantage of this is that it often cannot give an adequate account of cognitive processing in language comprehension. To avoid these problems, this study draws upon a massive natural and coherent discourse as stimuli in collecting the data on reading time. This study trains two state-of-art computational models (surprisal and semantic (dis)similarity from word vectors by linear discriminative learning (LDL)), measuring knowledge of both the syntagmatic and paradigmatic structure of language. We develop a `dynamic approach' to compute semantic (dis)similarity. It is the first time that these two computational models have been merged. Models are evaluated using advanced statistical methods. Meanwhile, in order to test the efficiency of our approach, one recently developed cosine method of computing semantic (dis)similarity based on word vectors data adopted is used to compare with our `dynamic' approach. The two computational and fixed-effect statistical models can be used to cross-verify the findings, thus ensuring that the result is reliable. All results support that surprisal and semantic similarity are opposed in the prediction of the reading time of words although both can make good predictions. Additionally, our `dynamic' approach performs better than the popular cosine method. The findings of this study are therefore of significance with regard to acquiring a better understanding how humans process words in a real-world context and how they make predictions in language cognition and processing.

Attentional Bias to Untrustworthy Faces: Evidence From Eye Tracking Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1508
Author(s):  
Qiandong WANG ◽  
Qinggong LI ◽  
Kaikai CHEN ◽  
Genyue FU
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Tracking Data

scholarly journals Mining reading patterns from eye-tracking data: method and demonstration

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantina Ioannou ◽  
Indira Nurdiani ◽  
Andrea Burattin ◽  
Barbara Weber
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Reading Patterns

scholarly journals Classifying Eye-Tracking Data Using Saliency Maps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafin Rahman ◽  
Sejuti Rahman ◽  
Omar Shahid ◽  
Md. Tahmeed Abdullah ◽  
Jubair Ahmed Sourov
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Saliency Maps
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