A 'Next Generation' for Public Health Intervention Models: The Public as Innovators

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiana von Hippel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Intervention Models

Experience Corps®: A Civic Engagement-Based Public Health Intervention in the Public Schools

2011 ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Rebok ◽  
Michelle C. Carlson ◽  
Jeremy S. Barron ◽  
Kevin D. Frick ◽  
Sylvia McGill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
The Public

The UK COVID-19 contact tracing app as both an emerging technology and public health intervention: The need to consider promissory discourses

2021 ◽  
pp. 136345932110607
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Samuel ◽  
Rosie Sims
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sociology Of Expectations ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Uk

The UK’s National Health Service (NHS) COVID-19 contact tracing app was announced to the British public on 12th April 2020. The UK government endorsed the app as a public health intervention that would improve public health, protect the NHS and ‘save lives’. On 5th May 2020 the technology was released for trial on the Isle of Wight. However, the trial was halted in June 2020, reportedly due to technological issues. The app was later remodelled and launched to the public in September 2020. The rapid development, trial and discontinuation of the app over a short period of a few months meant that the mobilisation and effect of the discourses associated with the app could be traced relatively easily. In this paper we aimed to explore how these discourses were constructed in the media, and their effect on actors – in particular, those who developed and those who trialled the app. Promissory discourses were prevalent, the trajectory of which aligned with theories developed in the sociology of expectations. We describe this trajectory, and then interpret its implications in terms of infectious disease public health practices and responsibilities.

scholarly journals The Public Health Intervention for International Students at Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Hazeqa Salleh ◽  
Nicholas Tze Ping Pang ◽  
Mohammad Saffree Jeffree ◽  
Helen Lasimbang ◽  
Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
International Students ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
International Student ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public

   Background: COVID-19 pandemic that started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, has spread globally, and Sabah is one of the states in Malaysia that is affected by it. The outburst in social media on discrimination against the people from China impacted the international students from China. Thus, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS) had to play a role in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic and protecting its students. This article aimed to describe the actions taken by UMS for its international student from China during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.  Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design where all 379 students from China in UMS were screened from February 2020 until March 2020 during the early phase of COVID 19.  Results: During this study period, 0.5% of the students were classified as Persons under Investigation (PUI), while 99.5% were classified as Person under Surveillance (PUS).  Conclusion: The public health interventions included surveillance, contact tracing, monitoring, quarantine, isolation, social distancing, mental health support, and mental health intervention activities. These actions to control the pandemic reduce the state health department's health burden and help the students in need. 

scholarly journals A Next Generation Assets-Based Public Health Intervention Development Model: The Public as Innovators (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiana von Hippel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Development Model ◽  
User Innovation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Experts

UNSTRUCTURED In the public health field, the design of interventions has long been considered to be the province of public health experts. In this paper, I explore an important complement to the traditional model: the design, prototyping, and implementation of innovative public health interventions by the public (users) themselves. These user interventions can then be incorporated by public health experts, who in turn design, support, and implement improvements and diffusion strategies as appropriate for the broader community. The context and support for this proposed new public health intervention development model builds upon user innovation theory, which has only recently begun to be applied to research and practice in medicine and provides a completely novel approach in the field of public health. User innovation is an assets-based model in which end users of a product, process, or service are the locus of innovation and often more likely than producers to develop the first prototypes of new approaches to problems facing them. This occurs because users often possess essential context-specific information about their needs paired with the motivation that comes from directly benefiting from any solutions they create. Product producers in a wide range of fields have, in turn, learned to profit from the strengths of these user innovators by supporting their grass-roots, leading-edge designs and field experiments in various ways. I explore the promise of integrating user-designed and prototyped health interventions into a new assets-based public health intervention development model. In this exploration, a wide range of lead user methods and positive deviance studies provide examples for identification of user innovation in populations, community platforms, and healthcare programs. I also propose action-oriented and assets-based next steps for user-centered public health research and practice to implement this new model. This approach will enable us to call upon the strengths of the communities we serve as we develop new methods and approaches to more efficiently and effectively intervene on the varied complex health problems they face.

scholarly journals Boletim and Arquivos: scientific communication until the creation of the Revista de Saúde Pública

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina da Costa Marques ◽  
Mariana de Carvalho Dolci
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Intervention Models ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Historical References

ABSTRACT Based on historical references of scientific communication, we analyzed the issues of the Boletim do Instituto de Higiene de São Paulo and of the Arquivos da Faculdade de Higiene e Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo. Published respectively from 1919 to 1946 and from 1947 to 1966, they totaled 120 issues. In their 48 years of publication, their goal was to disseminate the scientific production of the institution and to legitimize the theoretical debate of the field, in addition to supporting the public health intervention models, written by leading researchers of the institution and by contributors and managers in the field of public health. Both the Boletim and the Arquivos were recognized as scientific communication of national reference, and have laid the foundations for the creation of the Revista de Saúde Pública, in 1967.

scholarly journals The effects of quality of evidence communication on perception of public health information about COVID-19: two randomised controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia R. Schneider ◽  
Alexandra L. J. Freeman ◽  
David Spiegelhalter ◽  
Sander van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background The quality of evidence about the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical health interventions is often low, but little is known about the effects of communicating indications of evidence quality to the public. Methods In two blinded, randomised, controlled, online experiments, US participants (total n=2140) were shown one of several versions of an infographic illustrating the effectiveness of eye protection in reducing COVID-19 transmission. Their trust in the information, understanding, feelings of effectiveness of eye protection, and the likelihood of them adopting it were measured. Findings Compared to those given no quality cues, participants who were told the quality of the evidence on eye protection was ‘low’, rated the evidence less trustworthy (p=.001), and rated it as subjectively less effective (p=.020). The same effects emerged compared to those who were told the quality of the evidence was ‘high’, and in one of the two studies, those shown ‘low’ quality of evidence said they were less likely to use eye protection (p=.005). Participants who were told the quality of the evidence was ‘high’ showed no significant differences on these measures compared to those given no information about evidence quality. Interpretation Without quality of evidence cues, participants responded to the evidence about the public health intervention as if it was high quality and this affected their subjective perceptions of its efficacy and trust in the provided information. This raises the ethical dilemma of weighing the importance of transparently stating when the evidence base is actually low quality against evidence that providing such information can decrease trust, perception of intervention efficacy, and likelihood of adopting it. Funding The Winton Centre for Risk & Evidence Communication, thanks to the David & Claudia Harding Foundation Research in Context Evidence before this study This is the first quantitative, empirical study, to our knowledge, on the effects of communicating the quality of evidence underlying an effectiveness estimate of a public health intervention on a public audience. Added value of this study This study provides novel insights into the effects of quality of evidence communication in a public health context. It is thus of high theoretical as well as translational value. Implications of all the available evidence Members of the public may assume that information around the effectiveness of a measure such as wearing eye protection to protect against COVID-19 are based on high quality evidence if they are given no cues to suggest otherwise. Yet, when given a statement of the quality of the evidence, this can (appropriately) affect their feelings of the trustworthiness of the information and their subjective judgement of the effectiveness of the measure. This raises the issue of whether there is an ethical imperative to communicate the quality of underlying evidence, particularly when it is low, albeit with the recognition that this may reduce uptake of a public health measure.

scholarly journals An exploration of the awareness of hygienic swimming behaviours and an evaluation of a public health intervention, to reduce the transmission of cryptosporidium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hannah M Jones
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Do So

Background: Educating swimming pool users about hygienic swimming behaviours, such as not swimming whilst suffering from diarrhoea and vomiting, is key to reducing the transmission of cryptosporidium, which is an infectious disease. There is limited literature focusing on hygienic swimming behaviours. Aim: To explore awareness of hygienic swimming behaviours and to develop and evaluate a public health intervention to reduce the transmission of cryptosporidium. Methods: A study was conducted using a exploratory sequential design, involving semi-structured interviews with 28 stakeholders (e.g. swimmers, pool operators). These findings informed the development of a questionnaire completed by 407 swimmers/parents of swimmers. These studies explored awareness and ways to raise awareness of hygienic swimming behaviours. The findings informed the development of a poster to raise awareness of such behaviours, and a small-scale evaluation was conducted with 153 respondents. Findings and discussion: Many factors were identified which influenced hygienic swimming behaviours, including current awareness, cultural factors and the design of swimming facilities. Respondents identified a variety of methods for raising awareness, of hygienic swimming behaviours with a poster in the changing rooms being the most preferred method. Positive feedback was provided about the poster, which was perceived as being easy to read and informative. Of note, respondents also reported that the poster had encouraged them to consider their own hygienic swimming behaviours. Implications and recommendations: A resource has been created as part of this study, and it is hoped that it will be used by swimming facilities across Wales, and potentially further, to encourage people to swim, and to do so hygienically. The poster developed has raised awareness of hygienic swimming behaviours and received positive feedback in terms of evaluation from swimmers/parents of swimmers and endorsement from Public Health Wales. Permission to include the Public Health Wales logo on the poster demonstrates the value and importance of the message, especially as currently there is no legal requirements for swimming pools to display such information.

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