scholarly journals Identifying Candidate Risk Factors for Prescription Drug Side Effects Using Causal Contrast Set Mining

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna M. Reps ◽  
Zhaoyang Guo ◽  
Haoyue Zhu ◽  
Uwe Aickelin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Drug Side Effects

Recurrent Onychomadesis of the Toenails in Children and Adults: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Dana Sous ◽  
Michela V.R. Starace ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Elizabeth L. Nieman ◽  
Milan J. Anadkat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Nail Bed ◽  
Physical Trauma

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Onychomadesis occurs when the nail plate separates from the nail matrix and nail bed, eventually leading to shedding of the nail. This condition has been attributed to viral infections, autoimmune disorders, drug side effects, and physical trauma. A subset of patients has a recurrent form of onychomadesis without a clear trigger; this phenomenon is not well characterized in the literature. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> We present a case series of pediatric and adult patients with recurrent toenail onychomadesis in order to better characterize the disorder and explore possible etiologies, risk factors, and treatments. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> For the cases herein, we propose microtrauma associated with footwear as the underlying etiology given the periodicity of nail shedding, exclusion of other etiological factors, and presence of predisposing risk factors in certain patients. Many patients saw improvement with application of urea 40% cream, suggesting this can be a valuable part of a treatment strategy, in addition to minimizing injury to involved digits.

scholarly journals High Rates of Blood Transfusion Associated with Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Shahrestani ◽  
Ali R. Tafreshi ◽  
Nolan Brown ◽  
Khashayar Dashtipour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Linear Modeling

Abstract ImportanceAs evidence continues to accumulate regarding the multi-organ dysfunction associated with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), it is still unclear as to whether PD increases the risk of hematological pathology. ObjectiveTo investigate the association between PD and hematological pathology and relevant risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using 8-years of the National Readmission Database. All individuals diagnosed with PD were queried at the time of primary admission, and all relevant demographic data was collected. Readmissions, complications, and risk factors were analyzed at 30, 90, 180, and 300-day intervals. Statistical analysis included multivariate gaussian-fitted modelling, with age, sex, comorbidities, and discharge weights as covariates. Coefficients of model variables were exponentiated and interpreted as odds ratios. Predictive models were developed using generalized linear modeling. Complications were queried using International Classification of Disease codes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReadmission for blood transfusion within readmission intervals and potential risk factors for blood transfusion. ResultsAnalysis was with 1,765,800 PD patients (mean age: 76.3±10.4; 44.1% female). Rates of percutaneous blood transfusion in readmitted patients at 30, 90, 180, and 300 days was found to be 8.7%, 8.6%, 8.3%, and 8.3% respectively. At all timepoints, modelling revealed that those with anti-parkinsonism medication side effects at the primary admission had increased rates of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage (average OR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.03, p<0.0001) and blood transfusion (average OR: 1.06; 95%CI: 1.05-1.08, p<0.0001) at readmission. PD patients who experienced GI hemorrhage of any etiology, including as a side effect of anti-parkinsonism medication, were found to have significantly higher rates of blood transfusion at all timepoints (average OR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.13-1.16, p<0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and predictive modelling confirmed these findings, with significantly higher rates of blood transfusion seen in PD patients with drug side effects and GI hemorrhage compared to those without.Conclusions and RelevanceOur findings suggest that PD patients may be readmitted at a high rate for blood transfusion procedures. These readmissions were found to be significantly associated with anti-parkinsonism drug side effects and GI hemorrhage of any etiology. Long-term management of PD patients should focus on both neurological and non-neurological complications.

A Review of Drug Side Effect Identification Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Deng ◽  
Yige Sun ◽  
Tianyi Zhao ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Tianyi Zang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The One ◽  
Approved Drugs

Drug side effects have become an important indicator for evaluating the safety of drugs. There are two main factors in the frequent occurrence of drug safety problems; on the one hand, the clinical understanding of drug side effects is insufficient, leading to frequent adverse drug reactions, while on the other hand, due to the long-term period and complexity of clinical trials, side effects of approved drugs on the market cannot be reported in a timely manner. Therefore, many researchers have focused on developing methods to identify drug side effects. In this review, we summarize the methods of identifying drug side effects and common databases in this field. We classified methods of identifying side effects into four categories: biological experimental, machine learning, text mining and network methods. We point out the key points of each kind of method. In addition, we also explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, we propose future research directions.

scholarly journals Psychological and Behavioral Predictors of Vaccine Efficacy: Considerations for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162198924
Author(s):  
Annelise A. Madison ◽  
M. Rosie Shrout ◽  
Megan E. Renna ◽  
Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
The Impact

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine candidates are being evaluated, with the goal of conferring immunity on the highest percentage of people who receive the vaccine as possible. It is noteworthy that vaccine efficacy depends not only on the vaccine but also on characteristics of the vaccinated. Over the past 30 years, a series of studies has documented the impact of psychological factors on the immune system’s vaccine response. Robust evidence has demonstrated that stress, depression, loneliness, and poor health behaviors can impair the immune system’s response to vaccines, and this effect may be greatest in vulnerable groups such as the elderly. Psychological factors are also implicated in the prevalence and severity of vaccine-related side effects. These findings have generalized across many vaccine types and therefore may be relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this review, we discuss these psychological and behavioral risk factors for poor vaccine responses, their relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as targeted psychological and behavioral interventions to boost vaccine efficacy and reduce side effects. Recent data suggest these psychological and behavioral risk factors are highly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, but intervention research suggests that psychological and behavioral interventions can increase vaccine efficacy.

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