Does Private Schooling Increase Adult Earnings? Cohort-Level Evidence for U.S. States

Abstract While substantial evidence has identified low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) as a risk factor for early life morbidity, mortality and poor childhood development, relatively little is known on the links between birth weight and economic outcomes in adulthood. The objective of this study was to systematically review the economics (EconLit) and biomedical literature (Medline) and estimate the pooled association between birth weight and adult earnings. A total of 15 studies from mostly high-income countries were included. On average, each standard deviation increase in birth weight was associated with a 2.75% increase in annual earnings [(95% CI: 1.44 to 4.07); 9 estimates]. A negative, but not statistically significant, association was found between being born LBW and earnings, compared to individuals not born LBW [mean difference: −3.41% (95% CI: −7.55 to 0.73); 7 estimates]. No studies from low-income countries were identified and all studies were observational. Overall, birth weight was consistently associated with adult earnings, and therefore, interventions that improve birth weight may provide beneficial effects on adult economic outcomes.

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Public vs. private schooling as a route to universal basic education: A comparison of China and India

International Journal of Educational Development ◽

10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.11.016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 153-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

William C. Smith ◽

Devin K. Joshi

Keyword(s):

Basic Education ◽

China And India ◽

Universal Basic Education ◽

Private Schooling

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School Choice and the Burdens of Justice

Theory and Research in Education ◽

10.1177/1477878504043439 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 111-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Matthew Clayton ◽

David Stevens

Keyword(s):

School Choice ◽

Equality Of Opportunity ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Fair Share ◽

Educational Justice ◽

Educational Adequacy ◽

Private Schooling ◽

Parental Partiality

This paper takes issue with Swift’s argument for the claim that parents who affirm equality of opportunity can justifiably buy advantageous private schooling if it is necessary to ensure educational adequacy for their children. We advance a number of reasons of justice and morality that support the view that egalitarian parents ought to accept a degree of educational inadequacy: parents have a pro tanto reason to share the burdens of injustice; it is not obvious that the legitimacy of parental partiality is as extensive in unjust circumstances as it is under just arrangements; we have some duty of justice to accept inadequacy for our children in the fight for the realization of educational justice; and we might be morally required to accept more than a fair share of the burden of establishing just educational institutions.

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