scholarly journals The Family Working Time Model: Toward More Gender Equality in Work and Care

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Uwe MMller ◽  
Michael Neumann ◽  
Katharina Wrohlich
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Time Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
Working Time Model

scholarly journals The family working-time model: Towards more gender equality in work and care

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Uwe Müller ◽  
Michael Neumann ◽  
Katharina Wrohlich
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Time ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Working Time Model ◽  
The Impact

Since the millennium, the labour market participation of women and mothers is increasing across European countries. Several work/care policy measures underlie this evolution. At the same time, the labour market behaviour of fathers, as well as their involvement in care work, is relatively unchanging, meaning that employed mothers are facing an increased burden with respect to gainful employment and providing care. We propose a family working-time model that incentivizes fathers and mothers to both work in extended part-time employment. It provides a benefit in the form of a lump-sum transfer or income replacement for each parent if, and only if, both parents work 30 hours/week. Thus, it explicitly addresses fathers and – contrary to most conventional family policies – actively promotes the dual earner/dual carer paradigm. Combining microsimulation and labour supply estimation, we empirically analyse the potential of the family working-time model in the German context. The relatively small share of families already choosing the symmetric distribution of about 30 working hours would increase by 60 percent. By showing that a lump-sum transfer especially benefits low-income families, we contribute to the debate about redistributive implications of family policies. The basic principles of the model generalize to other European countries where families increasingly desire an equal distribution of employment and care. In order to enhance the impact of such a policy, employers’ norms and workplace culture as well as the supply of high-quality childcare must catch up with changing workforce preferences.

scholarly journals Maximizing time from the constraining European Working Time Directive (EWTD): The Heidelberg New Working Time Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schimmack ◽  
Ulf Hinz ◽  
Andreas Wagner ◽  
Thomas Schmidt ◽  
Hendrik Strothmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Time ◽  
European Working Time Directive ◽  
Time Model ◽  
European Working ◽  
Working Time Model ◽  
Working Time Directive

A Modeling and Simulation Method for SVPWM

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 815-818
Author(s):  
Jia Quan Lin ◽  
Xu Yu Cheng ◽  
Xin Mu
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Vector Function ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Basic Vector ◽  
Wave Symmetry ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Working Time Model

The SVPWM technique plays an important role in the DC-AC transform. The modeling and simulation for SVPWM were proposed in this paper. The sector calculating model and basic vector working time model were set up. The effective vector function of time was set up. The triangle wave symmetry modulation was established too. The simulation results show that the model proposed in this paper is effective and has application value.

scholarly journals Familjen i välfärdspolitiken

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stanfors
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Family

The role of the family in Swedish welfare policyIn the present article, I discuss the role of the family in Swedish welfare policy, from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. I analyse men’s and women’s time use and focus on the organization of paid and unpaid work. I describe how time allocation varies with gender, family status, and life cycle. The analysis shows that the family plays a more important role in practice than in theory, mainly through the fact that women perform more unpaid work (housework and caregiving) than men, which affects both their income and their well-being negatively. I argue that gender equality must be given a more prominent position in Swedish welfare policy. For example, family policy must be reformed, with gender equality on the labour market and in the home as an explicit goal. The present situation for working parents is different from that of previous decades when Swedish family policy was formulated. Reforms are thus necessary for safeguarding welfare and population well-being in the short and long run.

Surnames and Gender in Japan: Women’s Challenges in Seeking Own Identity

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Japanese History ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Family ◽  
Japanese Law ◽  
And Gender

Strongly influenced by the previous Meiji Civil Code that shaped people’s perceptions about the traditional Japanese family, postwar Japanese society has not fully guaranteed gender equality, and whether to legally allow the dual-surname system is one of the major legal and political debates in Japanese society. To understand the tension between the traditional Japanese family emphasized in the previous Meiji Civil Code and gender equality emphasized in the current Japanese law, this study explored the surname system in Japan by reviewing historical trends, recent surveys, political debates, and comparing with other nations. This study illustrated that the surname was not attached to the family lineage and membership as today in the past, and symbolic significance of the surname has changed through the course of Japanese history.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Overview of the Monogamous Marriage in a Multiregion Framework: Modelling and Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Mustapha Lhous ◽  
Omar Zakary ◽  
Mostafa Rachik
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this paper is to develop a new mathematical model to study, analyze, and control the family status in several regions and to discuss the impact of the connectivity of regions and the mobility of residents on the marital status of the family, by adopting a multiregion discrete-time model. The modelling and the control process of the system that describes the case of monogamous marriages in a multiregion framework are considered. Two combined control strategies are proposed, which allow reducing the virgin and divorced individuals and increasing the number of married individuals in a specific region. The first control is considered as the impact of public awareness campaigns to educate virgin men and women about the benefits of marriage for the individual and the society; the second control characterizes the legal procedures, administrative complications, and the heavy financial and social consequences of divorces. The optimal control theory is applied to characterize such optimal strategies and determined numerically using a progressive-regressive discrete scheme to discuss the obtained results.

scholarly journals Gender Equality and Violent Behavior: How Neighborhood Gender Equality Influences the Gender Gap in Violence

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Kit Lei ◽  
Ronald L. Simons ◽  
Leslie Gordon Simons ◽  
Mary Bond Edmond
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Neighborhood Contexts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Relationship

Using a sample of 703 African American adolescents from the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS) along with census data from the year 2000, we examine the association between neighborhood-level gender equality and violence. We find that boys’ and girls’ violent behavior is unevenly distributed across neighborhood contexts. In particular, gender differences in violent behavior are less pronounced in gender-equalitarian neighborhoods compared to those characterized by gender inequality. We also find that the gender gap narrows in gender-equalitarian neighborhoods because boys’ rates of violence decrease whereas girls’ rates remain relatively low across neighborhoods. This is in stark contrast to the pessimistic predictions of theorists who argue that the narrowing of the gender gap in equalitarian settings is the result of an increase in girls’ violence. In addition, the relationship between neighborhood gender equality and violence is mediated by a specific articulation of masculinity characterized by toughness. Our results provide evidence for the use of gender-specific neighborhood prevention programs.

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